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WH Final > French Revolution -Terms/People > Flashcards

French Revolution -Terms/People Flashcards

1
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

Housed French government (royalty - Louis XIV -Louis XV - Louis XVI.) After Revolution in 1789, ceased to be royal residence.

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2
Q

Estates General

A

Before the revolution French society:
1st - clergy (privileged class)
2nd - nobility (privileged class)
3rd - common people (most)

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3
Q

National Assembly

A

Meeting for the third estate. It was from 17 Jun-9 Jul 1789

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4
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

A promise made by the National Assembly to stay until they wrote constitution for France, FIRST DELIBERATE ACT OF TREASON in Revolution.

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5
Q

Bastille

A

fortress in Paris used as a state prison by the French kings.

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6
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

14 Jul 1789 was attacked by mob. The prison was a symbol of dictatorial rule, and was defining moment in Revolution.

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7
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

A

Resembled Declaration of Independence, insisted that the government exists to protect the natural rights of citizens, all men born and remain free and equal in rights.

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8
Q

Friend of the People

A

periodical by Jean Paul Marat, linked him to radical Jacobin group that came to power after June 1793.

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9
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

radical journalist/politician. His journalism -fierce tone, uncompromising stance towards revolution, advocacy of basic human rights for poor. Assassinated by Charlotte Corday.

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10
Q

Women’s March on Versailles

A

women demanding bread for their families gathered and marched toward Versailles in rain.

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11
Q

Maximilien Robespierre

A

Nickname: The Incorruptible

Best Known: Leader of French Revolution during the “Reign of Terror” waned Republic of Virtue.

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12
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Middle class (merchants, industrialists, & professionals)

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13
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A

Group led by Robespierre and Georges Danton that set prices, rationed food, and raised army.

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14
Q

Louis XIV (14th)

A

Known as the “Sun King” - ruled at age 5, built Versailles

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15
Q

Guillotine

A

machine used to behead people, more humane - quick and painless

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16
Q

The Directory

A

Group of 5 men (including Napoleon) given control of France after Reign of Terror.

17
Q

Coup de Etat

A

A sudden overthrow of the government

18
Q

Waterloo

A

Napoleon’s final defeat in Belgium. Gave up throne and went into exile.

19
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A

1799-Overthrew French Directory
1804-Became Emperor of France
1814-Abdicated in 1814
1815-returned to power; briefly-died in exile.

20
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Meeting Representatives of the European monarchs - called to reestablish old order after defeat of Napoleon.

21
Q

Treason

A

acting to overthrow one’s government or to harm or kill its leader - a violation of allegiance to one’s country

22
Q

Girondins

A

Group of loosely affiliated individuals - not an organized political party. Campaigned for end of monarchy, but resisted momentum of Revolution. Originally part of the Jacobin movement.

23
Q

Jacobins

A

Radical/ruthless political group formed during French Revolution, associated with Robespierre.

24
Q

Consulate

A

Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government

25
Q

Scorched-Earth Policy

A

1812-Napoleon invaded Russia. Russians retreated, burning crops and villages as they went, burning earth.

26
Q

Empire

A

Group of nations ruled over by an emperor: usually a territory of greater extent than the kingdom. Example: French Empire - consisted of France and other countries they overtook.

27
Q

San-Culottes

A

urban poor: cooks/servants - paid low wages-often out of work

28
Q

Peasants

A

rural poor: farmers who paid about half of $$$ in taxes to nobles, church and king

29
Q

Emigres

A

Nobles and others who had fled France

30
Q

Lycee

A

Gov’t run schools set up by Napoleon.

WH Final (8 decks)

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