French Revolution and Napoleon

Question 1

Stage 1 Causes

Answer 1

• Ancien Regime
• Status Quo
• Absolute Monarchy
• Recent Kings
• Gv’nt Financial Crisis
• The Bad Years

Question 2

Stage 1 Cause #1: The Ancien Regime

Answer 2

• inequalities
• as the middle class increased, the 3rd class had less political power
• Peasants: had to no rights to property they lived on and paid taxes to government and church

Question 3

Stage 1 Cause #2: The Status Quo

Answer 3

• existing state of affairs regarding social/political issues
• enlightenment denies the church’s power
• believed that status quo is wrong and should be changed

Question 4

Stage 1 Cause #3: The Absolute Monarchy

Answer 4

• didn’t allow/want change

- would have lost power if there was change

Question 5

Stage 1 Cause #4: Recent Kings

Answer 5

• Louis XV and XVI
• weak
• led ineffective, costly wars

Question 6

Stage 1 Cause #5: Gv’nt FInalncial Crisis

Answer 6

• not enough $ from taxes

- in american revolution, couldnt get $ back for it

Question 7

Stage 1 Cause #6: The Bad Years

Answer 7

• bad weather –> crop failure –> famine –> help demanded from people
• no $ to help with food

Question 8

Estates General

Answer 8

• Advisory Group for king who had the power to change tax structure
• people from each of 3 estates to vote
• final vote: 2 to 1, no change of tax structure

Question 9

Third Estate

Answer 9

• Abbe Sieyes: document called “What is the 3rd Estate?”
• it is everything
• 1st and 2nd are in way of improvement
• wanted to make changes and formed National Assembly

Question 10

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 10

• King didn’t want Nat. Assembly to meet and make changes –> meet in indoor Tennis Court
• first act of defiance against the king
• swears that they are power of France
• people upset when oath is passed

Question 11

Bastille/Bastille Day

Answer 11

• mob marches to prison, helped by king’s army, now on people’s side
• French Independence Day
• royal power weakened and fear

Question 12

August Decrees

Answer 12

• peasants call for end to Ancien Regime
• how should France be ruled?
• writes Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Question 13

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 13

• war needed, Women’s Bread Riot
• King forced to move from Versailles –> Paris, might use army to overthrow another country, has limited power
• Nat. Assembly –> Constituent Assembly, tries to write constitution with laws
• king tries to escape, recognized b/c of $, forced to sign constitution, constituent assembly –> constitutional monarchy
• legislative assembly makes laws, $ to gv’nt for debts
• confiscation of Cathlic land –> France politicallt split

Question 14

Stage 2-Foreign War

Answer 14

• france vs. austria and prussia (revolutionaries vs. monarchy)
• revolutionaries: supportive of revolution, want to spread revolutionary ideas, want support of other revolutionaries in Prussia and Austria
• monarchies: want war, want support from their King’s Army so they can gain power and weaken revolutionaries
• division in France

Question 15

royalists

Answer 15

support the monarchy/royals

Question 16

girondists

Answer 16

constitutional monarchy/people

Question 17

jacobins

Answer 17

no monarchy/radicals

Question 18

convention

Answer 18

• no king, new calendar
• september massacres begin, political tension increases
• king tried for treason and killed (Dukes Manifesto)

Question 19

Robespierre

Answer 19

• led mass killings
• in convention
• apart of reign of terror

Question 20

regicide

Answer 20

• killing of Louis XVI
• couldn’t kill the king without reason couldn’t let him live
• Ended stage II

Question 21

committee of general security

Answer 21

• military continues fighting

- citizen Army: patriotic and nationalistic 800,000 drafted

Question 22

committee of public safety

Answer 22

• protect the revolution
• take: catholic land and titles of nobility
• use terror to enforce public safety

Question 23

Reign of Terror

Answer 23

• Robespierre accused of being Revolution enemy and executed

- Robespierre had mass executions and used fear to rule people of france

Question 24

Thermidorian Reaction

Answer 24

• reaction to violence was the response of people following the reign of terror, wanted to slow down and moderate
• less restrictions, Jacobin Club closed
• New constitution written

Question 25

Coup de Brumaire

Answer 25

- Napoleon, Talleyrand, and Sieyes take over Directory - Consulate created - call for an end to the revolution

Question 26

Directory

Answer 26

- New gv'nt: bicameral legislature - longest government in FR, not successful - army made France more powerful, gained land and glory - constant threats of takeover - takeover of the state in the Coup D'etat