French Revolution

Question 1

Main Idea

Answer 1

Economic and social inequalities in the Old Regime helped cause the French Revolution

Question 2

Relevance

Answer 2

Throughout history, economic and social inequalities have @ times led people to revolt against the govt

Question 3

Three Estates

Answer 3

Clergy, Nobles, Bourgeoisie/Peasants

Question 4

Bourgeoisie

Answer 4

middle class

Question 5

How could a situation like the revolution’s beginning develop in such an advanced country?

Answer 5

concentration of power/wealth among few @ the expense of the majority

Question 6

Why does the psych of a crowd change?

Answer 6

Anonymity, contagion

Question 7

Anonymity

Answer 7

lose sense of moral responsibility and fear of consequences

Question 8

Contagion

Answer 8

Entirely irrational act occurs as part of a crowd

Question 9

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

physiological, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization

Question 10

What does the hierarchy of needs say about the peasants?

Answer 10

They can never move up and are stagnant individually and in society bc their needs aren’t fulfilled

Question 11

Why were the peasants angry?

Answer 11

Bc while the monarchy reigned in luxury, the peasants starved.

Question 12

First Estate

Answer 12

Clergy loyal to pope + church. Owned 10% of land, high living standard, condemned enlightenment. 1.5% of population, 0% of taxes.

Question 13

Second Estate

Answer 13

Hereditary or bought nobles (corruption.) Top jobs in army/govt/courts, traditional privileges. 0.5% of population, 0% of taxes. 25% of land.

Question 14

Third Estate

Answer 14

Bourgeoisie/Peasants. 100% of taxes (on many things,) large number unemployed, urban workers earned miserable wages, forbidden to hunt. 65% of land, 98% of population.

Question 15

Peasant population

Answer 15

90%

Question 16

Bourgeoisie population

Answer 16

8%

Question 17

Why is the fact that 3rd estate was forbidden to hunt significant?

Answer 17

Bc it was the king’s land, but now they couldn’t feed themselves without earning $.

Question 18

What was the French Old Regime?

Answer 18

Outdated Middle Ages social system-everyone belonged to one of three classes. Tensions among the classes was major cause of FR.

Question 19

How did the Enlightenment provide the spark to ignite discontent within the estates?

Answer 19

The Enlightenment ideas led them to question the Old Regime.

Question 20

How was Marie Antoinette described? What was her quote when told the people could not eat?

Answer 20

“hated,” “let them eat cake.”

Question 21

Comparison-3 estates to pyramid

Answer 21

King, clergy, nobility, peasants

Question 22

What was the economic crisis?

Answer 22

deficit spending in palace, people starving

Question 23

Why else were they starving (aside from hunting laws and economic crises?) (unfair q)

Answer 23

poor harvests and high bread prices, poor leadership

Question 24

Describe Louis XVI

Answer 24

Bashful, hesitant, young, easily persuaded

Question 25

What did Louis XVI marriage symbolize?

Answer 25

Political union between Hapsburgs and Bourbons (them and Austria becoming allies and ending ancient rivalry)

Question 26

Describe Marie Antoinette @ the time of her marriage

Answer 26

young, headstrong, lively teen w/ little political interest

Question 27

What is happening outside palace of Versailles?

Answer 27

people of France suffering and starving. Louis XV lost major war 10 years prior, costing them in $ and prestige. Population increase from 20-26 mil (grew only 1million in preceding century.)

Question 28

Why wasn’t France in good hands when Louis XV died?

Answer 28

He died an unpopular king and his grandson is woefully unprepared for a country on brink of chaos

Question 29

What happened in 1788?

Answer 29

France approached bankruptcy

Question 30

How did Louis XVI react to the chaos?

Answer 30

Summoned estates general to Versailles

Question 31

Estates General

Answer 31

Met separately, one vote for each estate (only landowners)

Question 32

Cahiers

Answer 32

notebooks prepped by estates generals listing grievances. (only landowners)

Question 33

Why was the third estate always outvoted @ the estate general?

Answer 33

Since the inception, each estate always met separately and only had one vote

Question 34

How many reps did each estate have?

Answer 34

1 estate-308 reps
2 estate-285 estate
3 estate-621 reps

Question 35

What did the third estate insist and what did this result in?

Answer 35

3 insists that each delegate have a vote, changing the system
Weeks of stalemate
3 transforms themselves into the National Assembly

Question 36

Goals of the National Assembly

Answer 36

Pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people

Proclaim end of absolute monarchy and the beginning of representative government

Question 37

Tennis court oath

Answer 37

They go to meet, but the doors are locked. They take it as a personal message from the king, and go to meet in the tennis (racketball) court to meet and say they will meet anywhere if it means changing France
Wind blows into the tennis court- the winds of change. A revolution is coming. Progress is coming.
Men hold their hands in a salutary position(taking an oath)- they are giving honor to the individual leading the oath.

Question 38

Who proposed the Tennis Court Oath?

Answer 38

Jean Joseph Mounier

Question 39

Storming of Bastille

Answer 39

July 14, 1789 The people are rioting in Paris, to revolt, so to show power, the king sends troops to control them. The people are getting ready to fight, but they don’t have enough gun powder. To get more, they go to Bastille prison and break into Bastille. The men on top of the jail are shooting down, but the people persist. They finally break in, but don’t find enough gun powder. What they did find was the commander of the jail. They dragged him out, beat him, stabbed him, and beheaded him.

Question 40

What was the women’s march?

Answer 40

A bunch of women who wanted food for their kids marched on Versailles and dragged the king and queen, who they hated, to be imprisoned in Parisian palace Tuileries (where they would eventually be murdered)