Freedom Of Expression - Key Terms Flashcards
The expression of opinions by people who do not reveal their identity.
Anonymous expression
A service that allows anonymity on the Internet by using a computer program that strips the originating header and/or IP address from the message and then forwards the message to its intended recipient.
Anonymous remailer service
Laws designed to reduce frivolous SLAPPs (strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP), which is a lawsuit filed by corporations, government officials, and others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of concern).
Anti-SLAPP laws
An act signed into law in 1998 with the aim of prohibiting the making of harmful material available to minors via the Internet; the law was ultimately ruled largely unconstitutional.
Child Online Protection Act (COPA)
An act passed in 2000; it required federally financed schools and libraries to use some form of technological protection (such as an Internet filter) to block computer access to obscene material, pornography, and anything else considered harmful to minors.
Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
Title V of the Telecommunications Act, it aimed at protecting children from pornography, including imposing $250,000 fines and prison terms of up to two years for the transmission of “indecent” material over the Internet.
Communications Decency Act (CDA)
Signed into law in 1998, the act addresses a number of copyright-related issues, with Title II of the act providing limitations on the liability of an Internet service provider for copyright infringement.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
Doing research on the Internet to obtain someone’s private personal information—such as home address, email address, phone numbers, and place of employment—and even private electronic documents, such as photographs, and then posting that information online without permission.
Doxing
A type of lawsuit that organizations may file in order to gain subpoena power in an effort to learn the identity of anonymous Internet users who they believe have caused some form of harm to the organization through their postings.
John Doe lawsuit
A written defamatory statement.
Libel
A section of the Communications Decency Act that provides immunity to an Internet service provider (ISP) that publishes user-generated content, as long as its actions do not rise to the level of a content provider.
Section 230 of the CDA
A lawsuit filed by corporations, government officials, and others against citizens and community groups who oppose them on matters of concern. The lawsuit is typically without merit and is used to intimidate critics out of fear of the cost and effort associated with a major legal battle.
Strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP)
