Free Will

Question 1

Free Will:

Answer 1

The ability to act at ones own discretion, without the constraints of necessity or fate

Question 2

Libertarianism:

Answer 2

The idea that we have free will and are not determined to act in a particular way

Question 3

Hard Determinism:

Answer 3

The idea that we do not have free will and are not in control of our own actions

Question 4

Compatibilism (Soft determinism)

Answer 4

The idea that we are subject to determinism, but this does not mean we lack free will

Question 5

Who is the Libertarianist Theistic scholar?

Answer 5

Augustine

Question 6

Who is the Secular Libertarianist scholar?

Answer 6

Jean Paul Sartre

Question 7

Who is the Scientific Determinist Scholar?

Answer 7

Isaac Newton

Question 8

Who is the Theological Determinist Scholar?

Answer 8

John Calvin

Question 9

Who is the Theistic Compatibilist scholar?

Answer 9

Aristotle

Question 10

Who is the Secular Compatibilist scholar?

Answer 10

David Hume

Question 11

Who is the psychological Determinist Scholar?

Answer 11

B.F.Skinner

Question 12

What are the names of St Augustine’s texts?

Answer 12

‘On the Free Choice Of the Will’ and ‘Confessions’

Question 13

Who did Augustine believe misused free will?

Answer 13

Adam and Eve (in the book of Genesis)

Question 14

Who did Augustine believe misused free will?

Answer 14

Adam and Eve (in the book of Genesis)

Question 15

What is the name of Jean Paul Sartre’s school of beliefs?

Answer 15

Atheistic existentialism

Question 16

What was the name of Jean Paul Sartre’s text?

Answer 16

Existentialism is a Humanism (1957)

Question 17

What phrase best summaries Jean Paul Sartre’s beliefs?

Answer 17

Existence before Essence

Question 18

What allows God to know and control the future according to John Calvin?

Answer 18

He is Omniscient and Omnipotent

Question 19

What phrase best summarises John Calvin’s beliefs on free will?

Answer 19

“For he does not create everyone in the same condition, but ordains eternal life for some and eternal damnation for others”

Question 20

What is the name of the common theory in Scientific Determinism?

Answer 20

The Theory of Universal Causation

Question 21

What is the name of Aristotle’s text?

Answer 21

Nicomachean ethics

Question 22

What sentence summarises Aristotle’s view of free will?

Answer 22

“On some actions praise indeed is not bestowed, but pardon is, when one does what he ought not under pressure which over strains human nature and which no one should withstand”

Question 23

What is Liberty to David Hume?

Answer 23

“A power of acting or not acting according to the destinations of the will”

Question 24

What is Necessity according to David Hume?

Answer 24

Cause and effect which can be derived from induction (e.g, ‘the sun will always rise in the morning’)

Question 25

Does Buddhism have a definite position on free will?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What Buddhist concepts can be related to free will

Answer 26

Anatta, anicca, karma, 12 nidamas, 8 fold path

Question 27

What is anicca?

Answer 27

The belief that all things are impermanent

Question 28

What is Anatta?

Answer 28

The belief that there is no fixed ‘I’ or ‘Self’

Question 29

What are the 3 sections of behavioral learning theory?

Answer 29

Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning and observational learning