Free Radical Theory of Ageing Flashcards

1
Q

Define the free radical theory of ageing.

A

Ageing results from deleterious effects of free radicals produced in the course of cellular metabolism.

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2
Q

What conditions must be met for the free radical theory of ageing to hold?

A

Increased ROS generation with age.
Levels of oxidised biomolecules should increase with age.
Manipulations increasing lifespan should diminish oxidative injury.
Decreasing OS levels should retard ageing and increase lifespan.

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3
Q

What is the maillard reaction?

A

Carbonyl group of sugar + amino group of an AA –> N substituted glycosylamine.
Can then from a ketosamine which can further react to become carcinogenic.
As we age glucose undergoes addition to form products promoted covalent linkage with other glaciated proteins.

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4
Q

What are the effects of AGE’s?

A
Random protein aggregation 
Proteins can't be degraded. 
Yellows nails and teeth 
Ageing of skin (binds collagen) 
Rigidity of RBCs / arterial stiffness
More rigid blood vessels.
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5
Q

What is the mitochondrial theory of ageing?

A

High []s mtDNA oxidation –> shorter lives.
TBARS - as increase mt enzyme function decreases. and loss of enzyme function associated with decreases in memory, muscle strength and lifespan.

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6
Q

What evidence suggests that the maillard reaction may affect functional decline in ageing?

A

Isolate B cells from pancreas and treat either with BSA or BSA-AGE –> BSA-AGE treated cells have increased mt superoxide production,, reduced plc stimulated insulin secretion and decreased ATP.
Addition of ALT (cleaves AGE from BSA) –> restoration of function.

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7
Q

What is the phenotype of age-1 mutants of C. Elegans?

A

Enhanced CuZnSOD and catalase.
More resistant to H2O2, paraquat.
Slower age-related protein carbonyl accumulation.

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