Francis Boyl Lecture

Question 1

Starting on Slide 10

Mechanical part of immune system

Answer 1

Epithelial cells: skin gut lungs eyes/nose oral cavity
Movement of mucus by cilia

Question 2

Chemical barriers to infection

Answer 2

Mucus, Sebum, antimicrobial peptides / proteins

examples mentioned: Pulmonary surfactant, low pH, antimicrobial enzymes, more

Question 3

Microbiological barrier

Answer 3

commensal organisms

examples: normal microbiota

Question 4

3 barriers of immune system

Answer 4

mechanical / chemical / microbiological

Question 5

Moving on to Overview of Immune System

Where you can find immune cells

Answer 5

Can find immune cells / RBCs / platelets in long bone

dont care abt RBC and platelets

Immune cells = WBC (Leukocytes)

Question 6

Myeloid cells

Answer 6

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 7

Lymphoid cells can go into:

Answer 7

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Natural Killer cells: only lymphocyte that works in the innate system

Question 8

granulocytes / agranulocytes = all part of innate system

Answer 8

basophils
neutrophils
mast cells
eosinophils

Question 9

How to differentiate myeloid cells?

Answer 9

granulocytes: have granules to kill foreign pathogens. Neutroophils / eosinophils / basophils / mast cells

Agranulocytes: no granules. They kill via phagocytosis: Monocytes / Macrophages / Dendritic Cells

Question 10

Plasma cell

Answer 10

cytoplasm filled with ER, due to a lot of protein synthesis. production of many antibodies

Question 11

tell difference between myeloid and lymphoid

Answer 11

lymphoid: circulate in blood and migrate to 2o lymphoid organs to encounter antigens and become activated.

B-cells T-cells NK cels

Answer 12

cells begin to develop in bone marrow, then leave bone marrow

key tissues: Bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Answer 13

Can have MALT / BALT / GALT

all subcategories of MALT

Question 14

Microenvironment important

Answer 14

microenvironment: environment that cells are in to help them perform.
All lymphoid tissue / organs / bone marrow have microenvironment.

just want to understand that its not just the cells, but the environment that they are in that is very crucial

Question 15

example in the bone marrow:

Endosteal niche

Answer 15

bone lining -> contains stromal cells, osteoblasts

Question 16

Perivascular niche

Answer 16

blood vessel lining -> secrete cytokines / growth factors, endothelial cells

examples: Neurons

just want to understand that its not just the cells, but the environment that they are in that is very crucial

Question 17

Pathogen recognition

Answer 17

slide shows macrophage that has receptors on surface.

host cells have receptors that allow them to recognize

antigens

once receptors bind, can recognize and engulf via endocytosis.

Ur innate / adaptive cells have receptors that can bind and activate it and performe its immune function

Question 18

adaptive response

Answer 18

cell-mediated immunity ->

humoral immunity -> b cells. can be found in humor / fluid of blood

Question 19

innate response

Answer 19

also cell-mediated. But in adaptive there is both so u differentiate it, but innate is only cell-mediated.

First and second line of defense.

First: barriers first

2nd part: cellular response. Only occurs if theres a breach in area.

after: bring adaptive ….

Question 20

innate response cont.

2 types of response

Answer 20

immediate response: first few hours
induced response: first few days

Question 21

Adaptive system (adaptive rsponse)

Answer 21

activated by innate immune response

cell mediated: t cells (helper cells / cytotoxic cells)