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Wine Appreciation > France, Burgundy > Flashcards

France, Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

Intro

A
  • much smaller than Bordeaux, only 1/2 as much production
  • négociant labels prevalent in past; now trend towards propriétaire labels
  • elegant complex whites based on Chardonnay
  • refined reds 100% Pinot Noir
  • usu. bottled w/i 1-2 yrs
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2
Q

Négociant

A

wine merchant: buys grapes or wine from individual farmers then sells and markets the wine

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3
Q

Négociant-éleveurs

A

merchants who may purchase grapes or wines from growers then age and bottle the wine in their own cellar

“élevé” = reared

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4
Q

History

A
  • viticulture well est. since 2 AD
  • Burgondes migrated from Germany c. 530 AD, absorbed into Frankish kindom
  • Cistercian order, systematic research
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5
Q

Classification

A

ea. village is its own AOC; some vineyards w/i a village is its own AOC; some vineyards have multiple owners

single vineyard (4&5) AOCs only in Chablis and Côte d’Or

  1. Bourgogne
  2. commune AOC
  3. premier cru
  4. grands crus
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6
Q

clos

A

small, walled-in vineyard; common way of naming vineyards in Burgundy

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7
Q

Malolactic Fermentation

A

= malolactic conversion or MLF

malic acid <u>malolactic bacteria</u>> lactic acid + CO2

occurs shortly after the end of the primary fermentation but can sometimes run concurrently with it

standard for most reds; avoided for light fruity whites, but can be used stylistically for Chardonnay

deacidification
makes wine more microbiologically stable
diacetyle (a compound w distinct buttery character)

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8
Q

Chablis

A

most crisp and elegant Chardonnay, w minerally, almost flinty edge; vibrant yellow w a touch of green

Subregion: Petit Chablis (Chardonnay)

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9
Q

Chablis grands crus

A

7 grands crus

  • Bourgros
  • Les Preuses
  • La Moutonne (unofficial)
  • Vaudésir
  • Grenouilles
  • Valmur
  • Les Clos
  • Blanchot
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10
Q

Côte de Nuits

A

northern portion of Côte d’Or, famous reds

  • Marsanny
  • Fixin
  • Gevrey Chambertin
  • Morey-Saint-Denis
  • Chambolle-Musigny
  • Vougeot
  • Flagey Echézeaux
  • Vosne-Romanée
  • Nuits-Saint-Georges (rouge & blanc)
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11
Q

Côte de Nuits reds

A
  • big but not tannic
  • elegant, solid structure
  • very complex
  • earthy (mushrooms, soil), cherries or strawberries
  • can be consumed 2-6yrs, or aged 15-20 yrs
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12
Q

Marsannay

A

small village south of Dijon, beginning of Côte de Nuits; famous for rosé made from Pinot Noir

strawberries, clean, fresh; best served young; salty foods

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13
Q

Gevrey-Chambertin

A

red only; full bodied, smooth, complex, age very well (prime usu 15 yrs after vintage)

9 grands crus

  • Chambertin
  • Chambertin-Clos de Bèze
  • Charmes-Chambertin
  • Mazoyères-Chambertin
  • Chapelle-Chambertin
  • Griotte-Chambertin
  • Latricières-Chambertin
  • Mazis-Chambertin
  • Ruchottes-Chambertin
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14
Q

Morey-St-Denis

A

5 grands crus

  • Clos de Tart
  • Clos des Lambrays (monopole, house of Mommessin)
  • Clos St-Denis
  • Clos de la Roche
  • Bonnes-Mares (partially in Chambolle-Musigny)
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15
Q

Chambolle-Musigny

A

small amount of white, but renowned for reds; aromatic, strawberries, roses, finess, delicacy

2 grands crus:

  • Bonnes-Mares (Partially in Morey-St-Denis)
  • Musigny
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16
Q

Vougeot

A

tiny village w couple dozen inhabitants; dominated by one grand cru - Clos de Vougeot

  • largest rated vineyard in Burgundy
  • 4/5 red production of Vougeot
  • owned by many entities, therefore its wines can differ considerably in style
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17
Q

Flagey-Échezeaux

A
  • no commune wine
  • more clay than other Côte de Nuits villages –> more weight and density in wine
  • 2 grands crus
    • Échezeaux
    • Grands-Échezeaux (actually the smaller one, considered superior)
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18
Q

Vosne-Romanée

A

6 grands crus

  • la Tâche
  • la Grande Rue
  • la Romanée
  • la Romanée-Conti
  • la Romanée-Saint-Vivant
  • le Richebourg
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19
Q

Nuits-Saint-Georges

A

industrialized town; no grand cru; 28 premiers crus; iron-rich limestone

20
Q

Côte de Beaune

A

southern portion of Côte d’Or, famous whites

  • Ladoix
  • Pernand-Vergelesses
  • Aloxe-Corton (1. Pinot Noir; 2. Chardonnay)
  • Savigny-lès-Beaune (Pinot Noir)
  • Chorey-lès-Beaune
  • Beaune
  • Pommard (Pinot Noir)
  • Volnay (Pinot Noir)
  • Saint Romain
  • Monthelie
  • Auxey-Duresses
  • Merusault (Chardonnay)
  • Saint Aubin
  • Puligny-Montrachet (Chardonnay)
  • Chassagne-Montrachet (Chardonnay)
  • Santenay
21
Q

Côte de Beaune whites

A
  • complex
  • hazelnut, blanched almond, apple, fresh cabbage, toast
22
Q

Côte de Beaune reds

A
  • 3/4 of its wine production
  • not as full bodied and complex, nor as long-lived as Côte de Nuits reds
  • vibrant fruit, silky texture
23
Q

Côte de Beaune-Villages

A

village: a regional appellation w vineyards of higher quality than those in surrounding areas

a general appellation for wines from one or more of 16 villages in the district excluding Aloxe-Corton, Pommard, Volnay and Beaune

24
Q

Pernand-Vergelesses

Aloxe-Corton

Ladoix-Serrigny

A
  • le Corton (97.5% rouge, 2.5% blanc)
  • Corton-Charlemagne (blanc)
  • Charlemagne (blanc)
25
Q

Savigny-lès-Beaune

A
  • no grand cru; 19 premiers crus
  • 85% reds, fruity
26
Q

Beaune

A
  • no grand cru; many premiers crus
  • 90% reds

Cour intérieure de l’Hôtel Dieu (Hospices de Beaune)

27
Q

Pommard

A
  • name came from pomme, but there’s almost no apple orchards left
  • no grand cru; along w Volnay, best reds in Côte de Beaune
  • well balanced, approachable when young, vibrant, berrylike fruit
28
Q

Volnay

A
  • no grand cru; more than half the area at premier cru level
  • well balanced, approachable when young, vibrant, berrylike fruit
29
Q

Meursault

A
  • most popular whites of Côte de Beaune
  • no grand cru; 15 premiers crus
    • Perrière
    • Genevrières
30
Q

Santenay

A
  • no grand cru; 11 premiers crus
  • 85% red, medium body, fruity, more rustic than Volnay
31
Q

Côte Chalonnaise

A

excellent value wines; southern edge of Côte de Beaun: end of Burgundy’s world-class wines

  • Rully (1. Chardonnay; 2. Pinot Noir; Crémant)
  • Mercurey (1. Pinot Noir; 2. Chardonnay)
  • Givry (Pinot Noir)
  • Montagny (Chardonnay)
  • Bouzeron (Burgundy’s only appelation for a single-village Aligoté)
32
Q

Rully

A
  • equal amount reds and whites
  • Burgundy sparkling: Crémant de Bourgogne
33
Q

Mercurey

A
  • Pinot Noir
  • more so than Rully reds, full, round, cherry, berry
34
Q

Mâconnais

A

good value whites

  • Saint Véran (Chardonnay)
  • Mâcon-Villages (Chardonnay)
  • Pouilly-Fuissé (Chardonnay)
35
Q

Mâcon-Villages

A
  • 43 villages
  • if using grapes from only one village, the label can show its name (eg. Mâcon-Viré, Mâcon-Lugny)
36
Q

Pouilly-Fuissé

A
  • white only
  • nutty, apple, lemon, good acidity
37
Q

Saint Véran

A

entirely Chardonnay

covers most of the Chardonnay vineyards that used to make white Beaujolais

Saint-Véran and white Beaujolais may be regarded as southern extensions of the Mâconnais

38
Q

Beaujolais

A

actually in a diff. département than Bourgogne; reds > 99%; Beaujolais Blanc (Chardonnay) < 1%

  • Morgon, Saint Amour, Fleurie
  • Moulin-à-Vent, Brouilly, Côte de Brouilly (Gamay)
  • Julienas, Chenas, Regnie, Chiroubles
  • Beaujolais-Villages (Gamay)
39
Q

Beaujolais quality levels

A
  1. Beaujolais AOC
  2. Beaujolais Supérieur (higher min alcohol content, rare for export)
  3. Cru Beaujolais (specific 10 villages)
40
Q

Beaujolais nouveau

A
  • highly publisized anual release, usus. mid-Nov.
  • only a few wks old at release; very light, simple
  • as much as 1/3 of a Beaujolais producer’s wine released this way
41
Q

Carbonic Maceration

A

a winemaking technique, often associated with Beaujolais

A portion or all of the grapes are not crushed but loaded into the tank as whole clusters. A small amount of fermenting must is added to begin fermentation and to fill the tank with CO2.

This intercellular fermentation produces soft tannins and a unique strawberry or bubble-gum aroma.

works well w Pinot Noir, Gamay

trademark characteristic of Beaujoulais Nouveau

42
Q

Crémant de Bourgogne

A

1 of 7 French Crémant (d’Alsace, Bordeaux, de Die, du Jura, de Limoux, de Loire)

Sparkling wines designated Crémant (“creamy”) were originally named because their lower carbon dioxide pressures were thought to give them a creamy rather than fizzy mouth-feel. Though they may have full pressures today, they are still produced using the traditional method, and have to fulfill strict production criteria.

43
Q

Puligny-Montrachet

Chassagne-Montrachet

A

5 grands crus

  • Le Montrachet
  • Chevalier Montrachet
  • Bâtard Montrachet
  • Bienvenues Bâtard Montrachet
  • Les Criots
44
Q

les 24 grands crus de la Côte de Nuits

A
  • Gevrey-Chambertin (9): ruchottes, mazis, chambertin-clos-de-bèze, chapelle, chambertin, charmes, griotte, latricières, mazoyères
  • Morey-Saint-Denis (5): clos-de-la-roche, clos-saint-denis, clos-des-lambrays, clos-de-tart, bonnes-mares
  • Chambolle-Musigny (2): bonnes-mares, musigny
  • Vougeot (1): clos-de-vougeot
  • Flagey-Echézeaux (2): échezeaux, grands-échezeaux
  • Vosne-Romanée (6): richebourg, la-romanée, romanée-conti, romanée-saint-vivant, la-grande-rue, la-tâche
45
Q

les 8 grands crus de la Côte de Beaune

A
  • Pernand-Vergelesses : charlemagne, corton, corton-charlemagne
  • Aloxe-Corton : charlemagne, corton, corton-charlemagne
  • Ladoix-Serrigny : corton, corton-charlemagne
  • Puligny-Montrachet : bâtard-montrachet, bienvenues-bâtard-montrachet, montrachet, chevalier-montrachet
  • Chassagne-Montrachet : bâtard-montrachet, criots-bâtard-montrachet, montrachet

Wine Appreciation (24 decks)

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