France, Burgundy Flashcards
Intro
- much smaller than Bordeaux, only 1/2 as much production
- négociant labels prevalent in past; now trend towards propriétaire labels
- elegant complex whites based on Chardonnay
- refined reds 100% Pinot Noir
- usu. bottled w/i 1-2 yrs
Négociant
wine merchant: buys grapes or wine from individual farmers then sells and markets the wine
Négociant-éleveurs
merchants who may purchase grapes or wines from growers then age and bottle the wine in their own cellar
“élevé” = reared
History
- viticulture well est. since 2 AD
- Burgondes migrated from Germany c. 530 AD, absorbed into Frankish kindom
- Cistercian order, systematic research
Classification
ea. village is its own AOC; some vineyards w/i a village is its own AOC; some vineyards have multiple owners
single vineyard (4&5) AOCs only in Chablis and Côte d’Or
- Bourgogne
- commune AOC
- premier cru
- grands crus
clos
small, walled-in vineyard; common way of naming vineyards in Burgundy
Malolactic Fermentation
= malolactic conversion or MLF
malic acid <u>malolactic bacteria</u>> lactic acid + CO2
occurs shortly after the end of the primary fermentation but can sometimes run concurrently with it
standard for most reds; avoided for light fruity whites, but can be used stylistically for Chardonnay
deacidification
makes wine more microbiologically stable
diacetyle (a compound w distinct buttery character)
Chablis
most crisp and elegant Chardonnay, w minerally, almost flinty edge; vibrant yellow w a touch of green
Subregion: Petit Chablis (Chardonnay)
Chablis grands crus
7 grands crus
- Bourgros
- Les Preuses
- La Moutonne (unofficial)
- Vaudésir
- Grenouilles
- Valmur
- Les Clos
- Blanchot
Côte de Nuits
northern portion of Côte d’Or, famous reds
- Marsanny
- Fixin
- Gevrey Chambertin
- Morey-Saint-Denis
- Chambolle-Musigny
- Vougeot
- Flagey Echézeaux
- Vosne-Romanée
- Nuits-Saint-Georges (rouge & blanc)
Côte de Nuits reds
- big but not tannic
- elegant, solid structure
- very complex
- earthy (mushrooms, soil), cherries or strawberries
- can be consumed 2-6yrs, or aged 15-20 yrs
Marsannay
small village south of Dijon, beginning of Côte de Nuits; famous for rosé made from Pinot Noir
strawberries, clean, fresh; best served young; salty foods
Gevrey-Chambertin
red only; full bodied, smooth, complex, age very well (prime usu 15 yrs after vintage)
9 grands crus
- Chambertin
- Chambertin-Clos de Bèze
- Charmes-Chambertin
- Mazoyères-Chambertin
- Chapelle-Chambertin
- Griotte-Chambertin
- Latricières-Chambertin
- Mazis-Chambertin
- Ruchottes-Chambertin
Morey-St-Denis
5 grands crus
- Clos de Tart
- Clos des Lambrays (monopole, house of Mommessin)
- Clos St-Denis
- Clos de la Roche
- Bonnes-Mares (partially in Chambolle-Musigny)
Chambolle-Musigny
small amount of white, but renowned for reds; aromatic, strawberries, roses, finess, delicacy
2 grands crus:
- Bonnes-Mares (Partially in Morey-St-Denis)
- Musigny
Vougeot
tiny village w couple dozen inhabitants; dominated by one grand cru - Clos de Vougeot
- largest rated vineyard in Burgundy
- 4/5 red production of Vougeot
- owned by many entities, therefore its wines can differ considerably in style
Flagey-Échezeaux
- no commune wine
- more clay than other Côte de Nuits villages –> more weight and density in wine
- 2 grands crus
- Échezeaux
- Grands-Échezeaux (actually the smaller one, considered superior)
Vosne-Romanée
6 grands crus
- la Tâche
- la Grande Rue
- la Romanée
- la Romanée-Conti
- la Romanée-Saint-Vivant
- le Richebourg
Nuits-Saint-Georges
industrialized town; no grand cru; 28 premiers crus; iron-rich limestone
Côte de Beaune
southern portion of Côte d’Or, famous whites
- Ladoix
- Pernand-Vergelesses
- Aloxe-Corton (1. Pinot Noir; 2. Chardonnay)
- Savigny-lès-Beaune (Pinot Noir)
- Chorey-lès-Beaune
- Beaune
- Pommard (Pinot Noir)
- Volnay (Pinot Noir)
- Saint Romain
- Monthelie
- Auxey-Duresses
- Merusault (Chardonnay)
- Saint Aubin
- Puligny-Montrachet (Chardonnay)
- Chassagne-Montrachet (Chardonnay)
- Santenay
Côte de Beaune whites
- complex
- hazelnut, blanched almond, apple, fresh cabbage, toast
Côte de Beaune reds
- 3/4 of its wine production
- not as full bodied and complex, nor as long-lived as Côte de Nuits reds
- vibrant fruit, silky texture
Côte de Beaune-Villages
village: a regional appellation w vineyards of higher quality than those in surrounding areas
a general appellation for wines from one or more of 16 villages in the district excluding Aloxe-Corton, Pommard, Volnay and Beaune
Pernand-Vergelesses
Aloxe-Corton
Ladoix-Serrigny
- le Corton (97.5% rouge, 2.5% blanc)
- Corton-Charlemagne (blanc)
- Charlemagne (blanc)
Savigny-lès-Beaune
- no grand cru; 19 premiers crus
- 85% reds, fruity
Beaune
- no grand cru; many premiers crus
- 90% reds
Cour intérieure de l’Hôtel Dieu (Hospices de Beaune)
Pommard
- name came from pomme, but there’s almost no apple orchards left
- no grand cru; along w Volnay, best reds in Côte de Beaune
- well balanced, approachable when young, vibrant, berrylike fruit
Volnay
- no grand cru; more than half the area at premier cru level
- well balanced, approachable when young, vibrant, berrylike fruit
Meursault
- most popular whites of Côte de Beaune
- no grand cru; 15 premiers crus
- Perrière
- Genevrières
Santenay
- no grand cru; 11 premiers crus
- 85% red, medium body, fruity, more rustic than Volnay
Côte Chalonnaise
excellent value wines; southern edge of Côte de Beaun: end of Burgundy’s world-class wines
- Rully (1. Chardonnay; 2. Pinot Noir; Crémant)
- Mercurey (1. Pinot Noir; 2. Chardonnay)
- Givry (Pinot Noir)
- Montagny (Chardonnay)
- Bouzeron (Burgundy’s only appelation for a single-village Aligoté)
Rully
- equal amount reds and whites
- Burgundy sparkling: Crémant de Bourgogne
Mercurey
- Pinot Noir
- more so than Rully reds, full, round, cherry, berry
Mâconnais
good value whites
- Saint Véran (Chardonnay)
- Mâcon-Villages (Chardonnay)
- Pouilly-Fuissé (Chardonnay)
Mâcon-Villages
- 43 villages
- if using grapes from only one village, the label can show its name (eg. Mâcon-Viré, Mâcon-Lugny)
Pouilly-Fuissé
- white only
- nutty, apple, lemon, good acidity
Saint Véran
entirely Chardonnay
covers most of the Chardonnay vineyards that used to make white Beaujolais
Saint-Véran and white Beaujolais may be regarded as southern extensions of the Mâconnais
Beaujolais
actually in a diff. département than Bourgogne; reds > 99%; Beaujolais Blanc (Chardonnay) < 1%
- Morgon, Saint Amour, Fleurie
- Moulin-à-Vent, Brouilly, Côte de Brouilly (Gamay)
- Julienas, Chenas, Regnie, Chiroubles
- Beaujolais-Villages (Gamay)
Beaujolais quality levels
- Beaujolais AOC
- Beaujolais Supérieur (higher min alcohol content, rare for export)
- Cru Beaujolais (specific 10 villages)
Beaujolais nouveau
- highly publisized anual release, usus. mid-Nov.
- only a few wks old at release; very light, simple
- as much as 1/3 of a Beaujolais producer’s wine released this way
Carbonic Maceration
a winemaking technique, often associated with Beaujolais
A portion or all of the grapes are not crushed but loaded into the tank as whole clusters. A small amount of fermenting must is added to begin fermentation and to fill the tank with CO2.
This intercellular fermentation produces soft tannins and a unique strawberry or bubble-gum aroma.
works well w Pinot Noir, Gamay
trademark characteristic of Beaujoulais Nouveau
Crémant de Bourgogne
1 of 7 French Crémant (d’Alsace, Bordeaux, de Die, du Jura, de Limoux, de Loire)
Sparkling wines designated Crémant (“creamy”) were originally named because their lower carbon dioxide pressures were thought to give them a creamy rather than fizzy mouth-feel. Though they may have full pressures today, they are still produced using the traditional method, and have to fulfill strict production criteria.
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
5 grands crus
- Le Montrachet
- Chevalier Montrachet
- Bâtard Montrachet
- Bienvenues Bâtard Montrachet
- Les Criots
les 24 grands crus de la Côte de Nuits
- Gevrey-Chambertin (9): ruchottes, mazis, chambertin-clos-de-bèze, chapelle, chambertin, charmes, griotte, latricières, mazoyères
- Morey-Saint-Denis (5): clos-de-la-roche, clos-saint-denis, clos-des-lambrays, clos-de-tart, bonnes-mares
- Chambolle-Musigny (2): bonnes-mares, musigny
- Vougeot (1): clos-de-vougeot
- Flagey-Echézeaux (2): échezeaux, grands-échezeaux
- Vosne-Romanée (6): richebourg, la-romanée, romanée-conti, romanée-saint-vivant, la-grande-rue, la-tâche
les 8 grands crus de la Côte de Beaune
- Pernand-Vergelesses : charlemagne, corton, corton-charlemagne
- Aloxe-Corton : charlemagne, corton, corton-charlemagne
- Ladoix-Serrigny : corton, corton-charlemagne
- Puligny-Montrachet : bâtard-montrachet, bienvenues-bâtard-montrachet, montrachet, chevalier-montrachet
- Chassagne-Montrachet : bâtard-montrachet, criots-bâtard-montrachet, montrachet
