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France Flashcards

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1
Q

France -wine law

What are the French legal classifications?

A

AOC =
VDQS
Vin de Pays - wine of region IGT -
Vin de Table - Do whatever you want, but grape come from area on the label

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2
Q

France - Bordeaux

Left bank classification pyramid

A

1855 classification / Napoleon Paris Exposition
Premier Cru Superiour (Chateux d’Yquem)
Premier Cru
Deuxieme through Cinquiemme Cru

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3
Q

France - Bordeaux

  1. Right bank classification pyramid
  2. (Name 4 Premier Grand Cru Classe A)
A 
1. RB class. updated every 10 years
Premier Grand Cru Classe A
Premier Grand Cru Classe B
Grand Cru Classe
Grand Cru
  1. St. Emilion Premier Grand Cru Classe A =
    Cheval Blanc, Ausone, Pavie, Angeles
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4
Q

France - Bordeaux

Main points

A
  • BLENDING PHILOSOPHY, BARRIQUE, BRAND
  • Atlantic influence, unpredictable vintages
  • Blender vs Terroirist - man vs nature
  • The more you blend the more you dilute terroir, therefore based on Brand (Chateaux), not vineyard.
  • Vintage driven (blend changes annually)
  • 2 rivers = Dordogne and Garrone flow into Gironde estuary - all was under water, drained for agriculture
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5
Q

France - Bordeaux

  1. Left Bank main points
  2. Right Bank main points
A

1- Great Chateux (1855 classification)
•ALLUVIAL SOIL = (pebbles, silt, sand) deposited on clay - produces more complex, riper fruit, heavier, age more
•Cabernet Sauvignon centric

2- Farmer wine (later classified - St. Emilion only)
•NO ALLUVIAL - higher up -rocks, limestone, mineral, delicate, fragrant, floral
•Merlot centric
•Farmer wine

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6
Q

France - Bordeaux

Grape Varietals

A 
White=
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
Ugni Blanc
Red=
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Babernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere- abandoned grape
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7
Q

France - Bordeaux

What are the dates of these events?
1- Classification of Medoc, Sauternes & Barsac
2- Classification of St. Emilion
3- Classification Graves
4- Chateau Mouton Rothschild elevated to Premier Cru

A

1- 1855
2- 1954
3- 1953
4- 1973

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8
Q

France - Bordeaux

Most important AOC appellations split up into the main 4 subdivisions of AOCs

15 minimum

A 
LEFT BANK- Medoc/Haute medoc;
1- St. Julien
2- St. Estephe
3- Margaux
4- Paulliac
5- Listrac
6-Moulis
GRAVES
7- Graves
8- Pessac-Leognan
9- Sauternes
10- Barsac

RIGHT BANK
11- Pomerol (Petrus the only non blend - Merlot) Le Pin
12- St. Emillion (Cheval Blanc, Ausone, Pavie, Angeles)
13- Fronsac
14- Cotes de Blaye
15 - Lalande de Pomerol

ENTRE DEUX MERS - dry whites or red (Bordeaux)

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9
Q

France - Bordeaux

Premier Cru (Superior) and region

A

Chateau d’Yquem = (Sauternes) Only botrytized dessert wine

1- Chateau Latour = (Pauillac) Most powerful
2- Chateau Lafite Rothschild = (Pauillac) Elegant, subtle
3- Chateau Mouton Rothschild = (Pauillac) 1973 promotion
4- Chateau Margeaux = (Margeaux) elegant, perfumy
5- Chateau Haute-Brion = (Passac-Leognan, Graves) most earthy

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10
Q

France - Burgundy

Main points

A
  • Maniacle concept of TERROIR (down to climat within vineyard is classified)
  • NO BLENDING - LESS OAK - WILD YEAST
  • Monks of Cluny stiuded them - church maintained viticulture
  • Continental climate - subject to hail
  • MANY soli variations - focused on minerality and complexity -mostly limestone
  • MONOVAREITAL
  • Domaine = collection of vineyard parcels throughout many villages owned by one person
  • Chapitalization legal
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11
Q

France - Burgundy

Qulaity pyramid

A

Grand Crus = Single vineyard calssified

Premier Crus = Single vineyard classified Grand

Village Appellations = Blend of climats within a village

Regional appelations = Blend of multiple villages/all regions

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12
Q

France - Burgundy

3 white and 2 red grapes

A

Interpreters of terroir

White;
Chardonnay, Aligote (Aromatic), Melon de Bourgogne

Red;
Pinot Noir - limestone vs clay = elegance vs power
Gamay (low tannin, fruity)

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13
Q

France - Burgundy

6 subdivisions North to South

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Cotes de Nuits
  3. Cote de t
  4. Cote Chalonnaise
  5. Maconnais
  6. Beaujoulis
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14
Q

France - Burgundy

1 -Chablis - describe the wine and name 3 climats of the Grand Crus of Chablis

2- What is Petit Chablis?

A

1- Nervous, dry, mineral, flinty, little oak, acidic, unoaked SS, KIMMERIDGIAN = limestone, clay and shells. Frost a big problem

Vaudesirs
Grenouilles
Blanchots

2- Petit Chablis is a blend of vineyards in flat lands NO KIMMERIDGIAN

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15
Q

France - Burgundy

What is Burgundy’s sparkling wine? Describe and what are grapes?

A

Cremant de Bourgogne

classical method, lower pressure

chardonnay, aligote, melon, sauvignon blanc

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16
Q

France - Burgundy

Cote d’Or - briefly describe

A

Best and most distinctive area of Burgundy. Cotes de Nuits + Cote de Beaune

COTES DE NUITS = Northern - Primarily Pinot Noir. Intensely scentedmore focused on reds of big structure. Highest level clay and limetsone = longest aging, structured.
•Only Musigny is white - 30 PREMIER CRUs

COTES DE BEAUNE = Best whites of Burgundy

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17
Q

France - Burgundy - Cote d’Or

Cote de Nuits 7 Premier Crus (village appellations) N to S and some of their Grand Crus

A

1- Gevrey Chambertin = BIG, full, clay soil, MASCULINE
GC - LE CHAMBERTIN, CHARMES CHAMBERTIN

2- Morey St. Denis = 5 grand cru climats
GC - CLOS DE LA ROCHE, CLOS DE ST. DENIS

3- Chambolle-Musigny = Most delicate of the Cote d’Or and the only one to do whites in Cote d’Or
GC - MUSIGNY, BONNES MARES

4- Vougeot = 1 famous bottom of slope, first classified
GC= CLOS DE VOUGEOT (walled, flat)

5- Flagey Echezeaux
GC - ECHEZEAUX - most distinguished in world

6- Vosne Romanee - velvety, perfumey
GC - LA TACHE, ROMANEE-CONTI -most distinguished on planet - monopole

7- Nuit St. Georges - no GC

18
Q

France - Burgundy - Cote d’Or

Cote de Beaune 6 Premier Crus (village appellations)
2 with GC

A

1- Aloxe-Corton - has the only red GC and white GC
GC - LE CORTON - ONLY RED GC of Cotes de Beaune
CORTON CHARLEMAGNE - best whites in world

2- Puligny-Montrachet - most balanced long aging
GC - LE MONTRACHET - most expensive in Burgundy

3- Chassagne Montrachet
GC - BATARD MONTRACHET

4- Pommard - no GC, the only reds
5- Volnay - no GC, the only reds, big bang for buck
6- Meursault - Rivals Corton Charlemagne for quality - all new world chardonnay try to copy

19
Q

What is a Chateau vs Domain?

What is a monopole?

A

Chateau is a single estate composed of vineyards surrounding a building.
Domaine is a collection of vineyard parcels scattered throughout many villages and appellations owned by the same person.

Monopole is a classified single vineyard owned by 1 producer exclusively.

20
Q

France - Burgundy - Cote Challoniase

A

Middle of Burgundy - good values - no GC

Premier Cru = MERCURY

21
Q

France - Burgundy - Maconnais

A

Climate gets milder losing clay presence
Oceans of cheap white Burgundy overpriced and dull

Best expression from Macon Villages and Pouilly-Fuisse (not to be confused with Pouily-Fume

22
Q

France - Burgundy - Beaujoulais

1- Describe varietal and region

2- Name 2 Cru classified AOC villages

3- Beaujoulias Nouveau

4- Beaujouliais quality pyramid

A

1- •Gamay #1 varietal - fruity, soft, easy drinking reds
•Mildest climat, warmest of Burgundy

2- Brouilly, Morgon

3- Carbonic maceration

4-
•Grand Cru Beaujooulais (from 10 possible villages)
•Beaujoulais-Villages
•Beaujoulais
•Beaujoulais Nouveau
23
Q

France - Burgundy

Famous food pairings

A

Coq au Vin

Escargot

Beef Bourguignon

White burgundy Puligny Montrachet and lobster

24
Q

France - SouthWest France

A

MADIRAN AOC made from the TANNANT grape is the highly tannic wine for which MICRO-OXYGENATION has been an experiment since the 1990s.

The AOC for MALBEC is CAHORS

••Madiran&Tannat, Malbec&Cahors

Armanac made here with Colombard.

Use all same varietals as Bordeaux

25
Q

France - Languedoc-Roussilon

A

Closer to Spain. Mediterranean grape varietals;

Red -Grenache, Syrah, Carignan
white - Mauzac

Languedoc =
BLANQUETTE DE LIMOUX = traditional method with 90% min. Mauzac grape
LIMOUX METHOD ANCESTRAL = ancestral method 100% Mauzac grape

Roussillon=
BANYULS - VIN DOUX NATURELLE = grenache wien sweetened naturally with grape spirit

Corbiers = Higher elevation more delicate red

26
Q

France - Loire

Main Points

A
  • Garden of France. 600 miles of valley along the Loire E to W northern France. Gulf stream influence West getting more continental E.
  • Terroir driven - naturalists movement - biodynamic wines. Jolie and Didier D.
  • No ranking or cru
  • Sancerre and Puilly-Fume most famous wines.
27
Q

France - Loire

Varietals

A 
White
Sauvignon Blanc
Chenin Blanc
Muscadet (Melon de Bourgogne)  •••not Muscat••
Folle Blanche
Chasselas
Rmorantin
Red
Canernet Franc
Pinot Noir
Gamay
Graeau Noir (anjou)
28
Q

France - Loire

4 regions

A

1- NANTES
•Muscadet Sevre et Maine AOC (sur lie). This wine is Melon de Bourgogne, not Muscat

2- ANJOU & SAUMUR
•Anjou AOC = chenin blanc - sweeter than Saumur
•Saumur AOC = chein blanc - less sweet than Anjou
•Cremant de Loire AOC = Chen r sqśain Blanc & Cabernet Franc
•Savanieres AOC =Chenin Blanc, creamy dense complex
•Champigny = Saumur Red (Cabernet Franc)

3- TOURAINE
•Vouvray AOC = Chenin Blanc - tufa= acid, briny, minerally
•Touraine AOC= Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc or blend
•Chinon AOC = Cabernet Franc

4-CENTER
•Sancerre AOC = Sauvignon Blanc - most expressive
•Pouilly-Fume AOC =Sauvignon Blanc - silex, flinty, gunpowder- Didier Dagnenau
•Manetou-Salon AOC = Reds & whites, KIMMERIDGEIAN

29
Q

France - Champagne

What are the wine districts of Champagne?

A

1 - REIMS

2 - REIMS MONTAGNE - Chalk
•Verzy
•Ambonnay
•Bouzy

3 - VALLEE DES MERNE

4 - COTES DES BLANCS - exclusively chardonnay CHALK
•Avize
•Oger
•Le Mesnil sur-Oger

5 - COTES DES SEZANNE
GC = Vitryle Francois, chardonnay, chalk

6 - COTES DE BAR (AUBE) mostly Pinot Noir, limetsone and kimmidgerean

30
Q

France - Champagne

Main points - aging requirements

What are the varietals?

A
  • Continental climate - cold, harsh,main danger is hail and spring frost. •Unpredictable. Must blend to keep a consistent CUVE (house blend).
  • Northernmost wine growing region in France
  • Minimum age = 15 mo. non-vintage (12 sur lie - 3 in bottle)
  • Minimum age = 3 years vintage
  • Eschelles des Cru = 1911 ranked village/vineyard and classified like Burgundy
  • Dom Perignon blending tradition and cork
  • Madame Clicquot = riddling and pupitre
  • Mostly chalk, limetsone, sand & clay
  • To rate a GC must rate 100pt. and be blend from 100% GC villages
  • To rate a Premium Cru must rate 90-99 points

Varietals -Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier

31
Q

France - Champagne

What does RM mean?

A

Recolant Manipulant = grower/producer

32
Q

France - Provence

Main points

Varietals

A
  • Between Alp and Languedoc - HOT, sunny dry - abundant ripeness - Mediterranean region
  • WIND - Mistral from Alps - prevents rot
  • 88% rose
  • Lot of Garrigue
  • E= crystalline rock (Quartz) NW = Limestone
white = Rolle, Bourboulenc, Clairette.Grenache Blanc
red = Grenache, Mouvedre, Carignan, Cinsault, Syrah, Tibouron
33
Q

France - Provence

Main AOC

A
  • Coteaux de Provence AOC = clay & limetone - rose - mouvedre
  • Coteaux d’Aix en Provence AOC = mouvedre - garrique
  • Bandol = Mouvedre, heavy red

•Palette = GrenacRose AOCs to remember: Cotes de Provence and Coteaux d’Aix en Provence (more inland and slightly higher altitude)
Red AOCs to remember: Bandol (mourvedre) and Palette (grenache blend)
fyi-any provence aoc is allowed to make wine in any style they want so you can always find a bandol rose or a cotes de provence red, or white, etc.

34
Q

France - Alsace

1-Main Points

2-Main varietals

A

1-
•Most sunny place in the world, doesn’t rain -Rainshadow effect creates dihurnals which make for great fruit expression while retaining acidity
•Monovarietal and varietal labeling
•Rhine Graben - large trench exposing many rich soil types !!13 different types!!

2-Riesling, Gewurtztraminer, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Sylvaner, Muscat, Pinot Noir

35
Q

France - Alsace

1- 2 most important Grand Cru

2- What is the field blend

A

1-
Altenberg - balance, power and body

Schlossberg - rich, floral delicate aging potential

2- Edelzweiker

36
Q

France - Alsace

4 Alsace styles

A
  • dry
  • cremant d’alscae (method traditionalle)
  • Vendage tardive
  • Selection de Grains Noble
37
Q

France - Rhone

A
  • Primal scream, white pepper, earthiness, smoky black fruit, sweaty man, howling spiciness
  • Start high in Alps all the way down to Mediterranean
  • Divided into 2 completely different wine regions
  • Mostly reds some rose
North= Syrah- Cote-Rotie, Hermitage
South= mostly grenache & mouvedre - Chateneuf du Pape
38
Q

France - Rhone

Varietals

A

Red
Grenache
Syrah
Mouvedre Cinsault

White
Viognier
Bourboulenc

39
Q

France - Rhone

difference between N and S

A 
NORTH
•Syrah
•mineral soil - granite
•low yield
•continental - dry and cold
•single varietal
•include stems in fermentation for grip, briary aroma
SOUTH
•Grenache
•fertile alluvial
•high yields
•Mediterranean - mistral
•blends
•5 soil types
•Has a rose (Tavel)
40
Q

France - Rhone

4 major appelations and grapes Norther Rhone

A 
NORTH
•Cote Rotie - Syrah -only red - known for cofermentation
•Condrieu - Viognier -only white 100% 
•Chateaux-Grillet- Viognier - Monoploe
•Saint-Joeseph - Syrah
•Hermitage - Syrah
•Croze Hermitage - Syrah
•Cornas
SOUTH
•Cotes du Rhone - red blend (grenach, syrah, mourvedre, Cinsault)
•Gigondas - 90% Grenache
•Vasqueryes
•Chateneuf du Pape - 13 varietals of red
•Tavel = seigne rose, grenache blend
•Lirac

WINE STUDY (10 decks)

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