framing Flashcards
1
Q
what is framing?
A
the process by which people develop a particular conceptualisation about an issue or reorient their thinking about an issue they already had an opinion on
2
Q
what does framing do?
A
- selects aspects of a perceived reality and presents them in a way that stands out to the audience so that they can evaluate their feelings about the newly framed information.
- helps make sense of information provided based on how it was framed
- changes attitudes towards an issues by changing aspects of an issues that can change people’s evaluation
3
Q
what are the types of framing?
A
- diagnostic - identifying a problem
- prognostic - offering solution
- motivational - call to action
- counter - rebute opponents
- master - relate to many topics
4
Q
how to determine success of frame?
A
- frame alignment - individual frames being linked to smo’s beliefs and values.
- frame resonance - relatable to audience, connects with them meaningfully
- frame credibility; frame consistency - match between smo’s beliefs and actions, empirical credibility - match between issue and world issues and percieved credibility of frame articulators - credibility of experts on the issue
- frame diffusion - how far the frame reaches
- political opportunity structure - timing of frame
- cultural opportunity structure - cultural material
- audience effects - target of message can affect form and content of message
5
Q
what are the factors that influence smo’s success?
A
- framing processes - how issue is presented to the audience
- resource mobilization - gathering of resource and support
- political opportunities - timing of usage of resources
6
Q
what are the types of frame alignment?
A
- frame bridging - linking 2 or more ideologies that are similar in content but not structurally connected
- frame amplification - strengthening values and beliefs to make frame more salient
- frame extension - reaching out to garner support
- frame transformation - transforming frame to make it more resonating to audience so they will join
7
Q
how do collective action frames work?
A
- action orientated set of beliefs that inspire and legitimate activities and campaigns of smos
- render events or occurences as meaningful and thereby function to organise experience and guide action
8
Q
how does a master frame differ from an organisational or movement specific frame?
A
- master frame is more general while organisational or movement specific is specific
9
Q
what are the 3 keys to frame credibility?
A
- empirical credibility: fit between events of the world and frame
- perceived credibility of frame articulators: status and knowledge of articulators is important
- frame consistency: matching of smo claims to action, inconsistency happen when there are contradictions
9
Q
what determines the salience of an issue to targets of mobilization?
A
- centrality: how essential the beliefs, values, ideas associated with movement frames are to the lives of the targets of mobilization
- experiential commensurability: how relatable the frame is
- narrative fidelity: how accurate the frame is
10
Q
explain the three processes involved in developing a frame?
A
- discursive process - conversations of movement members about movement activities
- frame articulation: how frame is conveyed
- frame amplification: how frame is made salient - strategic process - goal directed and deliberate to attain specific purposes
- contested process - challenges put in place for those that want to take action
- counterframing: rebuttal of framework
- frame dispute: disagreement about how reality should be presented to maximise mobilization
- dialectic tension between action frames and events: initial framing help legitimate actions but actions transform the meaning and structure of the discourse which limits the subsequent opportunities for actions, affecting events as well
