Frames of Reference

Question 1

Developmental FOR

Answer 1

Motor, social emotional, cognitive skills (Language expressive/receptive) - Use knowledge of development to compare child’s performance with what is considered typical - use activity analysis to provide a “just right challenge”. Practice of skills in developmental skills, engage child in tasks at their developmental vs. chronological level, challenge child, with activities slightly above developmental level, grade activities to balance challenge with success, allow repetition.

Question 2

Ayres SI FOR

Answer 2

Focuses on a child ability to register process discriminate, modulate organize an integrate sensory and put to produce in adaptive response. Is always a multi-sensory activity for interventions has adjust right challenge and provides opportunities for children to improve practice, body awareness, sensory processing and confidence.
Incorporates prop, vestibular, and interoception.

Question 3

Biomechanical FOR

Answer 3

Focus on physical limitations, foundations in kinesiology, considers ROM, mobility, strength, endurance, positioning, orthoses, pain reduction, edema management, progressive/resistive exercise - prevents/reduces contracture to increase mobility and strength to promote stability and balance.

Question 4

Motor Control / Motor Learning FOR

Answer 4

Based on dynamic systems theory - many factors influence movement patterns dysfunction - movement patterns insufficient to meet task/environmental demands. OTs modify tasks to promote progress and success
-Repetition: promotes development of neural pathways
-Motor learning requires repetition of motivating and meaningful motor tasks w/ opportunities for problem solving.

Question 5

NDT FOR

Answer 5

Therapeutic handling techniques - eval/t of muscle tone, movement, and posture during play or self-care activities
Focus - helping children (and adults) perform skilled movement more efficiently, improve function by increasing active use of trunk and extremities Key components - normalize muscle tone for movement (Inhibition & facilitation),
Target postural control, wt. shift, movement against gravity, and balance reactions through key points of control, to improve quality of movement Postural stability and alignment increase functional movement
Normalize tone, wt bearing, set up environment to promote movement/function Considers a range of typical movement patterns - Facilitate new neural pathways - repetition and emphasis on motivation, meaningful activity, and problem solving

Question 6

Behavioral FOR

Answer 6

Behavior is reinforced with a reward
Positive reinforcement increases potential for a behavior to be repeated
Children will stop behaviors that are ignored or receive negative reinforcement
Environmental stimulus results in a response (behavior) determination of cause (antecedent).
Includes Applied Behavior Analysis May be used for children with ADHD, ASD

Question 7

Cognitive FOR

Answer 7

Encourage his child to set goals, assist to identify and use cognitive strategies to guide performance of daily occupations and achieve goals.

Question 8

Rehabilitation FOR

Answer 8

Allows immediate participation - return to previous occupations w/ compensations/ adaptations, top-down approach, focus on strengths, adapt activities or environment to compensate for limitations Requires careful activity analysis - child, task, environment
OTs modify tasks and/or environment to promote child’s participation
New ways to complete daily tasks, includes family and/or caregiver training