Fractures

Question 1

causes

Answer 1

• Kicks
• RTA
• Fall
• Spontaneous on being ridden at speed

Question 2

Common sites (4)

Answer 2

• fetlock > pelvis> tibia
• fetlock: MC3 > MT3 > P1 > proximal sesamoids
• pelvis: ilial wing > ilial shaft
• tibia: proximal, distal, mid diaphysis

Question 3

Pathogenesis of a stress fracture (3)

Answer 3

• accumulation of microdamage over weeks/months due to repetitive overloading
• bone weakened: acute sever lameness conincides with bone failure and macroscopic damage
• macroscopic damage may be seen as non-displaces, incomplete fracture

Question 4

CS (6)

Answer 4

• acute severe lameness
• local heat, pain and swelling
• abnormal angulation and mobility of limb
• crepitus
• limb shortening
• loss of function

Question 5

Prognosis (4)

Answer 5

• fractures of femus, humerous and tibia in horses >300kg are fatal
• open fracture
• severe ST injury –> reduced blood supply
• unstable

Question 6

First Aid

Answer 6

• regain control of limb
• Pain relief
• minimise further injury: ST/bony ends