Fractures Flashcards
Femoral head fx
may need to replace ball and socket –> THA
proximal Femoral fx
ORIF (plates and screws)
DONT need hip precautions
DONT need weight bearing precautions
Colles fx (foush)
cast/surgery
UE fx: what to address
1.hand dominance
2. compensatory techniques
3. one handed techniques
4. AE
Distal cast
AROM of whole extremity
Spinal fx
get info from surgeon about precautions
log roll
avoid reaching
change position frequently
no bending past 90 degrees
no twisting trunk
fracture evaluation
mechanism of injury
results
edema
pain
AROM
sensation
roles, occ, ADLs
colles fx
Tries to catch self w/ wrist extended. Break in distal radius causing it to point in a dorsal direction.
smith’s fx
“reverse Colles’ fracture;” fall on flexed wrist – distal radius points ventral
distal radius fx
*arm is extended during fall
most common fx
colles fx
distal radius fx
(intra-articular)
broken piece of radius extends into the joint
distal radius fx
(extra-articular)
broken part of radius does not extend into the joint
Barton’s fx
falling on extended and pronated wrist
distal radius fx with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint
can be dorsal or palmar
scaphoid fx
*Break in carpal bone at bae of thumb (scaphoid)
*Most often injured when fall on palm of extended hand
Distal ulnar fx
*Injury at distal end of ulna where the radius and ulna articulate with wrist bone
*Usually not an independent fx – distal radius fx also
*Usually injured when too much rotation of the wrist or an extreme force against the ulna
*Most often a significant ligament injury as well
closed fx
no skin puncture
open fx
skin puncture with bone protruding
greenstick fx
bone bends/does not fully break
spiral fx
twisted/rotated like a corkscrew
avulsion fx
tendon or ligament is taxed and pulled too hard causing it to pull away and break the bone
oblique fx
angle caused by the outside force coming at a right angle to the bone
transverse fx
fx is perpendicular to shaft of the bone
pathological fx
caused by disease making the bone weak, bone can break without warning and from minimal pressure
tendon and nerve injury damage
sensation loss
movement loss
wrist drop
inability to extend wrist
compromised muscle tone in shoulder, arms and hands
treatment for tendon and nerve injuries
Splinting, PAMs, vibration and sensory modalities, tendon gliding ex, env mod, adaptive equip, edema/pain mgm’t, wound care if there was surgery, establishing HEP, FM and dexterity activities, ROM ex, and exercises that will increase the use of the hand and UE.
CTS
volar wrist, median nerve is compressed– numbness, tingling, pain
repetetive hand movement
carpal tunnel release may be surgically completed prior to therapy
flexor tendon injury
Volar side of hand, superficial
injury when tendon pulled out of sheath and away from the bone by physical sports, diseases i.e. RA, or a deep cut to the palm or fingers.
extensor tendon injury
Dorsal side of hand, superficial
tendon is pulled out of the sheath and away from the bone by physical sports, diseases i.e. RA, or a deep cut to the back of the hand
mallet finger
extreme force causing flexion, such as jamming the finger when catching a ball)
Boutinierre
the finger is bent at the PIP jt, or the thumb is bent at the DIP jt caused by tendon injury or RA)
radial nerve damage
Damage caused by physical trauma or infection
Impacts sensation on dorsum of hand and extension of fingers and wrist for assisting in functional grasp
ulnar nerve damage
Damage caused by elbow injury, nerve trauma, infection, and increased edema
Impacts sensation of ring and pinkie fingers and FM control
median nerve damage
Median nerve – sensation of thumb, middle, and ring fingers and flexion of the fingers and thumb for assisting in functional grasp.
related to carpal tunnel injury, but it can also be caused by trauma, edema, and infection.
