fractures Flashcards
What is a compound fracture
when the skin is broken, and the broken bone is exposed to the air, potentially puncturing through the skin.
stable fracture.
A stable fracture refers to when the sections of the bone remain in alignment at the fracture site.
pathological fracture?
pathological fracture occurs when a bone breaks due to an underlying abnormality within the bone, such as a tumour, osteoporosis, or Paget’s disease.
different ways a bone can break
Transverse - complete stability
Oblique - no stability
Spiral - no stability
Segmental
Comminuted- no stability (breaks into multiple fractures)
Compression fractures (affecting the vertebrae in the spine)
Greenstick
Buckle (torus)
Salter-Harris (growth plate fracture)
different ways a bone can break
Transverse - complete stability
Oblique - no stability
Spiral - no stability
Segmental
Comminuted- no stability (breaks into multiple fractures)
Compression fractures (affecting the vertebrae in the spine)
Greenstick
Buckle (torus)
Salter-Harris (growth plate fracture)
bones with vulnerable blood supplies that can lead to avascular necrosis
scaphoid bone
femoral head
humeral head
talus
navicular
fifth metatarsal in the foot.
cast principles
hydroaulics
three point loading- pressure points
rotational control
sometimes have to increase deformity before cast
skeletal traction
technique that involves the use of pins or wires inserted into the bone to provide traction and stabilise fractures, dislocations, or other conditions. It helps to align and immobilise the affected limb or joint for proper healing
common sites- femur and tibia
common indications for external fixation
poor soft tissue conditions
distraction through fixator may help with fragment reduction
emergency pelvis stabilisation for haemorrhage control
limb reconstruction
unilateral, multilateral or circular
when is intramedullary nailing used
long bone diaphyseal fracture
types of plate
compression- squeeze bone together
neutralisation- resist rotating force
buttress- stop collapse
strut/ bridging- no opening, bolts at top and bottom outside medulla
types of plate
compression- squeeze bone together
neutralisation- resist rotating force
buttress- stop collapse
strut/ bridging- no opening, bolts at top and bottom outside medulla
