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MSK+rheumatology > fractures > Flashcards

fractures Flashcards

1
Q

tibial shaft fracture caused by tension

A

transverse

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2
Q

tibial shaft fracture caused by compression

A

oblique

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3
Q

tibial shaft fracture caused by bending

A

butterfly

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4
Q

tibial shaft fracture caused by torsion

A

spiral

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5
Q

management of tibial shaft fracture

A

conservative- above knee cast

operative- IM nailing, open reduction internal fixation

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6
Q

femoral shaft fracture history

A

typically high energy injuries

major trauma patients

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7
Q

management of femoral shaft fracture

A

conservative- not typical

IM nail, plate fixation

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8
Q

features to a Colle’s fracture

A

dorsal displacement of the distal fragement
radial displacement of the hand
radial shortening due to impaction
avulsion of the ulnar styloid

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9
Q

colles fracture

A

transverse fracture of the distal radius near the wrist causing the distal portion to displace posteriorly

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10
Q

cause of colles fracture

A

fall on outstretched hand

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11
Q

scaphoid fracture presents

A

tenderness in anatomical snuff box

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12
Q

complications of scaphoid fracture

A

avascular necrosis and non-union

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13
Q

ankle fractures involve

A

lateral malleolus or the medial malleolus

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14
Q

3 main types of pelvic injurt

A

lateral compression fracture
vertical shear fracture
anteroposterior compression injury

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15
Q

lateral compression fracture of pelvis

A

occurs with a side impact where one half of the pelvis is displaced medially

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16
Q

vertical shear fracture of pelvis

A

due to axial force on one hemipelvis where the affected hemipelvis is displaced superiorly

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17
Q

anteroposterior compression injury

A

may result in wide distribution of the pubic symphysis the pelvis opening up like the pages of a book

18
Q

typical cause of hip fracture

A

osteoporosis in elderly

19
Q

intracapsular hip fractures complications

A

disruption of arterial supply and risk of avascular necrosis and non-union

20
Q

management of intracapsular hip fractures

A

displaced:
- hemi-arthroplasty (replacing femoral head alone)
- total hip replacement (replacing the acetabulum and femoral head)
nondisplaced:
- IF with screws

21
Q

extracapsular hip fractures management

A

intertrochanteric:
- DHS
subtrochanteric:
- IM nailing

22
Q

initial management of femoral shaft fracture

A

initial resus- optimizing analgesia with a femoral nerve block
application of a thomas splint

23
Q

definitive management of femoral shaft fracture

A

closed reduction and stabilisation with an intramedullary nail
also
minimally invasive plate fixation, minimal disruption to the fracture site blood supply

24
Q

management of knee dislocation

A

surgical emergency

reduced urgently with thorough neurovascular assessment

25
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament

26
Q

criteria used to identify suspected ankle fracture

A

ottawa

27
Q

ottawa criteria

A

severe localised tenderness of the distal tibia or fibula or inability to weight bear for four steps

28
Q

stable ankle fracture

A

isolated distal fibular fractures with no medial fracture or rupture of the deltoid ligament

29
Q

stable ankle fracture management

A

walking cast or splint for around 6 weeks

30
Q

unstable ankle fracture

A

distal fibular fracture with rupture of the deltoid ligament

31
Q

management of unstable ankle fracture

A

ORIF with plates and screws

32
Q

management of midfoot fracture

A

closed or open reduction with fixation using screws

33
Q

what type of fracture would need a oblique view Xray as well as lateral and AP

A

scaphoid
acetabulum
tibial plateau

34
Q

what fracture would you use tomogram

A

mandibular fracture

35
Q

when would you use CT to assess fractures

A

vertebrae
pelvis
calcaneus
scapular glenoid

36
Q

Management of femur fracture under age of 1

A

gallows traction

37
Q

what is likely damaged in a supracondylar fracture of the humerus

A

brachial artery

38
Q

management of achilles tendon rupture

A

non-operative:
suture repair?
or non-operative:
casts in the equinous position

39
Q

management of achilles tendonitis

A

rest, physiotherapy condition
use of heel raise to offload the tendon and use of splint or boot
resistant cases:
- tendon decompression and resection of paratenon

40
Q

management of non-displaced fracture of distal fibula

A

treated in plaster and followed up

41
Q

classic presentation of hip dislocation

A

internally rotated leg

head of the femur lies posteriorly to the acetabulum

MSK+rheumatology (6 decks)

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