Fractures Flashcards
What is an open fracture?
Skin broken, exposing bone, soft tissue injury.
What is a complete fracture?
Break completely through.
What is an incomplete fracture?
Partly broken across bone shaft.
What is a displaced fracutre?
two ends of broken bone separated from one another. Out of normal positions.
What is a comminuted or oblique fracture?
More than 2 fragments.
What is a non-displaced fracutre?
Periosteum is intact across fracture, bone still aligned.
What are the CM of a fracture?
Pain, decreased functioning, inability to weight bear, deformity, ecchymosis, crepitation.
What are the stages of fracture healing?
Fracture hematoma, granulation tissue, callus formation, ossification, consolidation, remodelling.
What is a closed reduction?
Nonsurgical, manual realignment. Traction and counteraction applied to bone fragments to restore position, length, and alignment.
What is an open reduction?
Correction of bone alignment through surgery.
What are external fixations?
Rods and pins on outside of body.
What are internal fixations?
Pins, plates, intramedullary rods, metal and bioabsorbable screws.
What are some complications of fractures?
Bone infection, bone union, AVN, blood vessel and nerve damage.
What is compartment syndrome?
Swelling and increased pressure with limited space, compromises function of blood vessels, nerves, tendons. Caused by restrictive dressings, splints, casts, excessive traction, premature closure of fascia.
What is venous thrombo-embolism?
Blood clot from injury.
What is fat embolism syndrome?
Systemic fat globules from fractures that are distributed into tissues. Occurs in long bone fractures, ribs and pelvis.
What are the CM of a fat embolism?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, chest pain, tachypnea, cyanosis, apprehension, tachycardia.
What is a colles fracture?
Distal radius, most common in adults.
What is a humerus fracture?
Common in YA. CM- displacement, shortened extermity, abnormal mobility and pain.
What is a capital hip fracture?
Fracture of head of femur.
What is a subtrochanteric hip fracture?
Occurs below lesser trochanter.
What is a tibia fracture?
Stress fracture usually, may develop compartment syndrome.
What is an amputation?
Often b/c of PVD, atherosclerosis, and DM in older adults. Dx: hx, physical exam, venography.
