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MSK > Fracture management > Flashcards

Fracture management Flashcards

1
Q

what are the symptoms/signs of a possible fracture?

A
  • history of a fall/direct blow/twisting injury/accident
  • localized pain aggravated by movement
  • muscle guarding with passive
  • decreased function of part
  • swelling
  • sharp, localized tenderness at site
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2
Q

how do we describe a fracture?

A
  1. mechanism of injury: traumatic, pathological, stress
  2. anatomical site: bone and location in bone
  3. configuration displacement: 3 planes of angulation, ttranslation, shortening
  4. articular involvement/epiphyseal injuries: fracture involving joint, dislocation, ligamentous avulsion
  5. soft tissue injury
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3
Q

what is a bending (angulatory) force effect on bone?

A

long bone bends causing failure on convex side of bend

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4
Q

what is a bending (angulatory) force type of fracture?

A

transverse
oblique
greenstick in kids

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5
Q

what is a twisting (torsional) force effect on bone?

A

spiral tension failure in long bone

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6
Q

what is a twisting (torsional) force type of fracture?

A

spiral

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7
Q

what is a straight pulling (traction) force effect on bone?

A

tension failure from pull of ligament or muscle

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8
Q

what is a straight pulling (traction) force type of fracture?

A

avulsion

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9
Q

what is a crushing (compression) force effect on bone?

A

usualy in cancellous bone

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10
Q

what is a crushing (compression) force type of fracture?

A

compression

torus (buckle) in kids

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11
Q

what is a repetitive microtrauma force effect on bone?

A

small crack in bone unaccustomed to repetitive/rhythmic stress

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12
Q

what is a repetitive microtrauma force type of fracutre?

A

fatigue

or stress

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13
Q

what is a normal force on abnormal bone effect on bone?

A

such as with osteoporosis, boney tumor or other diseasesd bone

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14
Q

what is a normal force on abnormal bone type of fracture?

A

pathological

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15
Q

what are the kinds of fractures?

A
  1. closed
  2. open: comes out through skin
  3. transverse
  4. spiral
  5. comminuted: multiple parts
  6. impacted: bone driven into itself
  7. greenstick
  8. oblique
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16
Q

list the fracture types in order of severity from least to greatest

A

simple>displaced>comminuted>intra-articular>compound

17
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal complex fractures for Type I?

A

fracture through the physis (widened)

18
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal complex fractures for Type II?

A

fracture partway through the physis extending up into metaphysis

19
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal complex fractures for Type III?

A

fracture partway through the physis extending down into the epiphysis

20
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal complex fractures for Type IV?

A

fracture through metaphysis, physis and epihysis can lead to angulation deformities when healing

21
Q

What is the Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal complex fractures for Type V?

A

crush injury to physis

22
Q

what is closed reduction

A 
manioulation
mechanical (traction)
23
Q

what is open reduction

A

surgery w screws

24
Q

what is fracture retention for closed methods?

A

sustained traction
cast/splint
functional bracing

25
Q

what is fracture retention for open methods?

A

internal fixation
external fixation
arthroplasty

26
Q

explain the parameters for non-op treatment

A

rehab, WB start later
risk of joint stiffness,malunion, non union are present
fracture healing is rapid
risk of infection low

27
Q

explain the paramters for operative treatment

A 
rehab, WB start sooner
risk of sitffness and malunion low
risk of non-union present
fracture healing slower
risk of infectinon present
28
Q

explain fracture management in immobilization stage

A
  1. educate patient
  2. decrease effects of inflammation
  3. decrease effects of immobilization
  4. if patient confied to bed, maintina strength and ROM in major muscles
29
Q

explain fracture management in post-immob stage

A
  1. educate patient
  2. provide protection until radiologically healed
  3. initiate active exercises
  4. increase joint and soft tissue mob
  5. increase strength and endurance
  6. improve cardio fitnesss

MSK (17 decks)

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