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MSK > elbow > Flashcards

elbow Flashcards

1
Q

what would an anterior glide at the humeroradial joint improve?

A

flexion

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2
Q

what would a posterior glide at the humeroradial joint improve?

A

extension

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3
Q

what would an anterior glide at the proximal radioulnar joint improve?

A

supination

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4
Q

what would a posterior glide at the proximal radioulnar joint improve?

A

pronation

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5
Q

what are the tests for lateral epicondylagalgia?

A

-cozens
-mills
-third finger test
-palpatoin

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6
Q

what are the tests for cubital tunnel syndrome/which nerve is affected?

A

ulnar n
-elbow flexion test
-shoulder IR test
-froments sign
-wartenburg sign
-tinnels sign

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7
Q

what is the floor of the cubital tunnel

A

UCL

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8
Q

As part of your differential diagnosis consideration, if a patient complains of elbow locking, which of the following diagnoses is most likely?

A

loose body in the joint/OCD

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9
Q

what is the history of cubital tunnel syndrome

A

-repeptive activities
-trauma: hyperext, dislocation, UCL lax
-chronic compression

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10
Q

what is non-surgical intervention for cubital tunnel syndrome

A

-control pain and edema
-night orthosis
-elbow pads

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11
Q

what is the most frequently injured nerve in humerus fractures?

A

radial

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12
Q

what is the history of a high radial nerve injury

A

-fracture of humerus
-strenous exercise
-extended crutch ambulation

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13
Q

what are special tests for radial tunnel syndrome

A

-third finger sign
-reproduction of symptoms with direct pressure over nerve

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14
Q

what is pronator syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve between humeral and ulnar heads of pronator teres

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15
Q

where are the compression sites for anterior interosseous synrome

A

between muscle bellies of two heads of pronator teres

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16
Q

what is lateral epicongylitis/algia

A

tennis elbow
-most common elbow issue
-inflammation of common extensor tendon
-extensor carpi radialis brevis

35-60 typical age
-younger high volume training athletes
-can be a result of cervical radiculopathyu at C5-6

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17
Q

what is the lateral elbow pain differential dx

A
  1. cervical radiculopathy
  2. TOS
  3. radial tunnel syndrome
  4. radial head injury/OA
18
Q

are injections beneficial for lateral elbow pain?

A

worse in the long run
-surgery only if conservative tx has failed

19
Q

what is medial epicondyltis/algia

A

golfers/pitchers elbow
-forceful rep contractions of: prontator teres, FCR, FCU

-be sure to evaluate for laxity or ulnar n sypmtoms

20
Q

what should you assume if a 10-14 year old is having medial elbow pain?

A

assume apophysitis
NO HSR OR ECCENTRICS

21
Q

what is osteochondritis dessicans?

A

unknown etiology
-associated with gymnastics and throwing
-trauma and vascular insufficiency
-aged 15-20
-males>females

symptoms:
-joint effusion, limited ROM
-pain w activity, locking
-constant pain, ADL impairments

22
Q

what is snapping elbow

A

-lateral elbow pain with palpable/audible snapping that occurs during flex/ext over radial head
-subsequent to trauma/hyperext injury
-repetivie stress
-pain may limit function

23
Q

what is the differential dx of snapping elbow

A

-posteriolateral rotary instability
will have radial head translation/instability
sense of instaiblity with WB

-lateral epi

-OCD with loose body

24
Q

what is the mechanism of an elbow dislocation

A

FOOSH

25
Q

which direction elbow dislocation is most common

A

posterior

ulna no longer articulates w humerus

26
Q

what are some associated fractures w an elbow dislocation

A

radial head
coronoid
epicondyles

27
Q

what is a posterior elbow dislocation due to

A

hyperext

28
Q

what is an anterior elbow dislocation due to

A

rare
-fracture of olecranon and tearing of joint capsule and ligaments

29
Q

what is a lateral elbow dislocation due to

A

superior lateral displacement of radius

30
Q

what is a medial elbow dislocation due to

A

rare
direct trauma

31
Q

what is the tx of an elbow dislocation with no fracture present

A

-gentle closed reduction (axial traction, unlock coronid in ext, reduce and flex)
-check stability
-check radiographs
-splint/brace for 2 weeks

32
Q

explain the protection phase of an elbow dislocation

A

typically immob at 90 for 7-10 days
-progresively begin to regain ROM at around 14 days post injury
-younger immobilize for longer
-early mobilize quicker to prevent stiffness

33
Q

which kind of fracture is seen in 10% of elbow dislocations?

A

coronoid
-contributes to ant stability and brachialis insertion

34
Q

talk about biceps tendon rupture

A

almost exclusively in males
-domniant elbow
-happens w sudden contractino of biceps against significant load with the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion

-need to see orthopedist ASAP as outcomes are better if they get surgery in first 24-48 hours

35
Q

talk about late cocking

A

acceleration
-primary valgus force at elbow occurs during late cocking through acceleration

36
Q

what is valgus extension overload syndrome

A

-secondary to medial instability
-impingement of medial olecranon on trochlea and olcecranon fossa
-may lead to osteophyte formation, loose bodies, chondromalacia

37
Q

what are valgus extension overload syndrome S&S?

A

-pain in full ext, accentuated by valgus stress
-possible flexion contracture

38
Q

what is a lateral compression injury

A

radiocapitellar overload syndrome
-secondary to medial instability
-abutment of radial head against capitulum
-may lead to osteophyte formation, loose bodies, chondromalacia, OCD

39
Q

which kind of elbow instability is rare

A

varus

40
Q

describe screening for elbow fx

A

elbow trauma plus 1 of the following
1. unable to fully extend the elbow
2. specific bony tenderness over:
-radial head
-medial epicondyle
-lateral epicondyle
-olecranon process
3. bruising/prescent of ecchymosis around elbow

41
Q

what are the FOOSH possible fracture sites at the elbow

A

forces through radius:
-radial head on capitulum
-radial head fracture

forces through ulna:
-ulna on humerus
-fracture of either coronoid or olecranon

MSK (17 decks)

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