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Chemistry > Fractional Distillation > Flashcards

Fractional Distillation Flashcards

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0
Q

What is crude oil made up of?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons

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1
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Black smelly viscous liquid

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Molecules which contain hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY

Similar boiling points and similar chain lengths

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3
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A
  1. crude enters base of fractioning tower -heated
  2. Fractions evaporate
  3. when a gas reaches a point in the tower in condenses and goes into a tray
  4. Fractions of similar BOILING points are collected in the same tray
  5. The lightest gases have the LOWEST boiling points so they rise to the very TOP and are collected
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4
Q

Fractional distillation is…

A

Separation of hydrocarbons that boil at different temperatures

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5
Q

As the chain lengths of hydrocarbon fractions increase their properties change..

What happens to colour?

A

YELLOW ➡️ ORANGE ➡️ BROWN

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6
Q

Viscosity?

A

Runny ➡️ Hard to pour ➡️ Very hard to pour

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7
Q

Ease of ignition?

A

Easy to light ➡️ harder to light ➡️ difficult to light

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8
Q

Cleanliness of burning?

A

Clean ➡️ more polluted

E.g.

H20 + C02 ➡️➡️➡️➡️ CO (sut)

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9
Q

What are the four changes that happen to the properties of hydrocarbon fractions when their chain length increases?

A

Colour
Viscosity
Ease of ignition
Cleanliness of burning

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10
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

Contains Single Covalent bonds ONLY

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11
Q

Why are alkANES so unreactive?

A

They contain single covalent bonds only

A lot of energy will be required to break bonds

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12
Q

List the alkANES (4)

A

METHane
ETHane
PROPane
BUTane

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13
Q

What are AlkENES?

A

They contain at least one double bond between the carbon atoms
Unsaturated molecules

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14
Q

List 3 AlkENES

A

EthENE
PropENE
ButENE

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15
Q

What happens when AlkENES react with hydrogen?

A

They turn into alkANES

16
Q

What are AlkENES used to make?

A

Polymers and plastics

17
Q

What is an addition reaction that AlkENES undergo?

A

The joining together of two reactants to make one product

No Impurities/side reactions made

18
Q

What happens when AlkENES react with bromine?

A

Br is added and the AlkENE becomes an alkANE

19
Q

How do we test for an AlkENE?

A

Add bromine water
Bromine is normally ORANGE
Solution will turn COLOURLESS if present

20
Q

What does a molecular formula show?

A

Which elements are present and how many of each

21
Q

What does the structural formula show?

A

The bonds of the arrangements of the atoms

22
Q

What is additional polymerisation?

A

When monomers join together to form polymers

Won’t happen if we don’t have high pressure or a catalyst

23
Q

Description of additional polymerisation..

A

Double bond between two carbon atoms break
Arms open
Two straight lines through brackets

Joins another monomer to form new single covalent bond

24
Q

What is polyETHENE used for?

A

Plastic bags

25
Q

What is polyPROPENE used for?

A

Ropes

26
Q

What bonds do thermoplastics have?

A

Strong covalent bonds hold the atoms together

Weak intermolecular forces between chains

27
Q

Why are thermoplastics easily melted and remoulded?

Used for?

A

Weak intermolecular forces so little energy required to overcome chains

Window frames

28
Q

Why are thermoplastics soft and flexible?

Used for?

A

Weak intermolecular forces allow the layers to slide past eachother

Soft carrier bags

29
Q

Why can thermoplastics be turned into fibres?

Used for?

A

Weak intermolecular forces you can stretch them and bend them into fibres

Clothing

30
Q

What are thermosets bonding?

A

Strong covalent bonds hold atoms together

Strong COVALENT bonds (cross links) hold chains together

31
Q

Why do thermosets not melt they decompose?

Used for?

A

Huge amount of energy needed for breaking covalent bonds as well as chain links

Hard plastic- protective coating

32
Q

Why are thermosets rigid?

Used for?

A

Strong covalent bonds don’t allow movement
Requires lots of energy to break chains

Plastic pipes

33
Q

What is Bakelite used for?

A

Telephone

34
Q

What is melamine used for?

A

Laminate flooring

Chemistry (6 decks)

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