Four Major Compounds

Question 1

four major compounds

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

smaller building blocks that make up polymers

Answer 2

monomers

Question 3

polymers

Answer 3

made of monomers

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

Question 5

dehydration synthesis

Answer 5

when monomers are put together

water is taken out

Question 6

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 6

polymers are broken apart

water is added

Question 7

Uses of carbs

Answer 7

energy storage

Question 8

monomers of carbs

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

monosaccharides provide

Answer 9

quick energy

Question 10

common monosaccharides

Answer 10

glucose, fructose

Question 11

glucose

Answer 11

primary energy storing compound for all living things

Question 12

fructose

Answer 12

sugar found in fruits and vegetables

Question 13

how many monosaccharides are there

Answer 13

6

Question 14

monosaccharides are _____ of each other

Answer 14

isomers

Question 15

isomer

Answer 15

things that have the same chemical formula but have different arrangements

Question 16

disaccharide

Answer 16

made up of two monosaccharides (sucrose, lactose)

Question 17

polysacharides

Answer 17

made up of three or more monomers

cellulose, starch, glycogen

Question 18

cellulose

Answer 18

part of the plant cell wall and provides structure

Question 19

starch

Answer 19

energy storage in plants

Question 20

glycogen

Answer 20

energy storage in animals

Question 21

lipids use

Answer 21

long term energy storage in animals
waterproofing (waxes and oils)
makes up cell membranes
hormones and vitamins

Question 22

lipids are made of

Answer 22

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 23

monomers of lipids

Answer 23

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 24

lipids are (polar/nonpolar)

Answer 24

nonpolar (hydrophobic)

Question 25

Fats are divided into two types depending on their structure. _____ and _____

Answer 25

saturated and unsaturated

Question 26

saturated fats

Answer 26

have only single bonds between carbons | tend to be solid at room temperature

Question 27

unsaturated fats

Answer 27

have at least one or more double or triple bonds between carbons tend to be liquid at room temperature

Question 28

triglycerides

Answer 28

a lipid that humans store excess energy in found in the blood and are stored in fat cells too many can cause heart disease

Question 29

phospholipids

Answer 29

cell membranes are made up of these (lipid)

Question 30

steroids

Answer 30

lipids | act as chemical messengers

Question 31

cholesterol

Answer 31

a steroid (lipid) thats an important part of animal cell membrane. too much can lead to cardiovascular disease

Question 32

protein functions

Answer 32

``` enzymes(controls chemical reactions) structure(keratin in hair and nails) transport(hemoglobin) antibodies(fight off viruses/bacteria) movement(actin and myosin in muscles) hormones(insulin) ```

Question 33

proteins are made up of

Answer 33

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 34

protein polymers

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

how many amino acids are there in the body

Answer 35

20

Question 36

all 20 amino acids have a common structure

Answer 36

they all have an amino group and carboxyl group

Question 37

what gives amino acids their unique properties

Answer 37

R group

Question 38

R group

Answer 38

can cause an amino acid to be large or small, polar or nonpolar, or acidic or base

Question 39

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 39

Amino acids we can only get through eating (8 essential ones)

Question 40

8 essential amino acids

Answer 40

tryptophan, methionine, valine, theronine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine

Question 41

polypeptide chain

Answer 41

amino acids bonded together

Question 42

peptide bond

Answer 42

amino acid bonded covalently

Question 43

4 levels of organization for protein

Answer 43

primary- polypeptide chain secondary- polypeptide chain folded into three dimensional chain (alpha helix/beta sheet) tertiary- folded into three dimensional shape quartenary- protein that consists of more than one amino acid chain

Question 44

nucleic acids made up of

Answer 44

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphates

Question 45

monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 45

nucleotides

Question 46

nucleotides are made up of:

Answer 46

three smaller subunits- nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

Question 47

examples of nucleotides

Answer 47

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

Question 48

polynucleotidigge

Answer 48

chain of nucleotides

Question 49

two polymers of nucleic acids

Answer 49

RNA and DNA

Question 50

functions of nucleic acids

Answer 50

store and transmit genetic information

Question 51

nucleic acids control

Answer 51

cells functions, traits of an organism by controlling the production of proteins

Question 52

non polar lipid monomer

Answer 52

fatty acid tail

Question 53

polar lipid monomer

Answer 53

glycerol