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Bio 1,2 > Four Major Compounds > Flashcards

Four Major Compounds Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

four major compounds

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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2
Q

smaller building blocks that make up polymers

A

monomers

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3
Q

polymers

A

made of monomers

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4
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

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5
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

when monomers are put together

water is taken out

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6
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

polymers are broken apart

water is added

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7
Q

Uses of carbs

A

energy storage

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8
Q

monomers of carbs

A

monosaccharides

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9
Q

monosaccharides provide

A

quick energy

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10
Q

common monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose

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11
Q

glucose

A

primary energy storing compound for all living things

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12
Q

fructose

A

sugar found in fruits and vegetables

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13
Q

how many monosaccharides are there

A

6

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14
Q

monosaccharides are _____ of each other

A

isomers

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15
Q

isomer

A

things that have the same chemical formula but have different arrangements

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16
Q

disaccharide

A

made up of two monosaccharides (sucrose, lactose)

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17
Q

polysacharides

A

made up of three or more monomers

cellulose, starch, glycogen

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18
Q

cellulose

A

part of the plant cell wall and provides structure

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19
Q

starch

A

energy storage in plants

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20
Q

glycogen

A

energy storage in animals

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21
Q

lipids use

A

long term energy storage in animals
waterproofing (waxes and oils)
makes up cell membranes
hormones and vitamins

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22
Q

lipids are made of

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

23
Q

monomers of lipids

A

glycerol and fatty acids

24
Q

lipids are (polar/nonpolar)

A

nonpolar (hydrophobic)

25
Q

Fats are divided into two types depending on their structure. _____ and _____

A

saturated and unsaturated

26
Q

saturated fats

A

have only single bonds between carbons

tend to be solid at room temperature

27
Q

unsaturated fats

A

have at least one or more double or triple bonds between carbons
tend to be liquid at room temperature

28
Q

triglycerides

A

a lipid that humans store excess energy in
found in the blood and are stored in fat cells
too many can cause heart disease

29
Q

phospholipids

A

cell membranes are made up of these (lipid)

30
Q

steroids

A

lipids

act as chemical messengers

31
Q

cholesterol

A

a steroid (lipid) thats an important part of animal cell membrane. too much can lead to cardiovascular disease

32
Q

protein functions

A 
enzymes(controls chemical reactions)
structure(keratin in hair and nails)
transport(hemoglobin)
antibodies(fight off viruses/bacteria)
movement(actin and myosin in muscles)
hormones(insulin)
33
Q

proteins are made up of

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

34
Q

protein polymers

A

amino acids

35
Q

how many amino acids are there in the body

A

20

36
Q

all 20 amino acids have a common structure

A

they all have an amino group and carboxyl group

37
Q

what gives amino acids their unique properties

A

R group

38
Q

R group

A

can cause an amino acid to be large or small, polar or nonpolar, or acidic or base

39
Q

Essential Amino Acids

A

Amino acids we can only get through eating (8 essential ones)

40
Q

8 essential amino acids

A

tryptophan, methionine, valine, theronine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine

41
Q

polypeptide chain

A

amino acids bonded together

42
Q

peptide bond

A

amino acid bonded covalently

43
Q

4 levels of organization for protein

A

primary- polypeptide chain
secondary- polypeptide chain folded into three dimensional chain (alpha helix/beta sheet)
tertiary- folded into three dimensional shape
quartenary- protein that consists of more than one amino acid chain

44
Q

nucleic acids made up of

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphates

45
Q

monomers of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

46
Q

nucleotides are made up of:

A

three smaller subunits- nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group

47
Q

examples of nucleotides

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

48
Q

polynucleotidigge

A

chain of nucleotides

49
Q

two polymers of nucleic acids

A

RNA and DNA

50
Q

functions of nucleic acids

A

store and transmit genetic information

51
Q

nucleic acids control

A

cells functions, traits of an organism by controlling the production of proteins

52
Q

non polar lipid monomer

A

fatty acid tail

53
Q

polar lipid monomer

A

glycerol

Bio 1,2 (10 decks)

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