Four Levels of Data Measurement, Analysis Steps, Common Methods for Data Analysis

Question 1

Used for naming or labelling variables

Answer 1

Nominal Data

Question 2

Categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural categories and the distances between categories is unknown

Answer 2

Ordinal Data

Question 3

Measured along a scale in which each point is placed at an equal distance from one another

Answer 3

Interval Data

Question 4

Quantitative data with an equal and definitive ration between each data and absolute zero being treated as a point of origin

Answer 4

Ratio Data

Question 5

Identifying and correcting errors, handling missing values, dealing with outliers

Answer 5

Data Cleaning

Question 6

Transforming data into a format suitable for analysis, such as normalizing or scaling variables

Answer 6

Data Pre-Processing

Question 7

Summarizes the main features of a dataset i.e. central tendency, variability, distribution.

Answer 7

Descriptive Statistics

Question 8

Selecting a statistical model that best describes the relationship between variables

Answer 8

Model Building

Question 9

Understanding the implications of the findings and communicating them effectively to stakeholders

Answer 9

Interpreting Results

Question 10

Providing a summary of data through measures like mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and frequency distribution.

Answer 10

Descriptive Statistics

Question 11

Drawing conclusions or inferences about a population based on a sample. ( hypothesis testing, t-tests, Pearson, ANOVA )

Answer 11

Inferential Statistics

Question 12

Examines relationships between variables

Answer 12

Regression Analysis

Question 13

Measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, often expressed through coefficients like Pearson’s or Spearman’s

Answer 13

Correlation Analysis

Question 14

Technique used to reduce data complexity by identifying underlying factors or latent variables

Answer 14

Factor Analysis