Founding Of America Flashcards
Prince Henry the navigator of Portugal
Invested in navy to create better ships to sail faster and farther
Increased naval innovation around the world
Found route to India around Africa
Christopher Columbus
Sail west to India
Investors: Isabella and Ferdinand (Spain)
Share profits with monarch and spread Christian land
Miscalculated circumference of earth by 1/3
Landed in caribb an
Encouraged Spanish explorers to sail across Atlantic
Incas
Largest mesoamerican empire Pacific coast of South America Capital: Cuzco Advanced in: math, agriculture, trade, architecture, and government 4-37 million Pizarro (Spanish) conquered them 1533
Aztecs
Central Mexico Capital: tenochtitlan (modern day Mexico City, floated on lake texcoco) Population: 200,000-350,000 Ethnically diverse Vast and connected through roads Regions governed themselves Conquered by Cortes
Mayans
2000 BC Peak around 200-900 AD modern day south Mexico/Guatemala Agricultural city-centered economy Large city states Large pyramids, advanced writing system, math Participated in trade 1000 AD Mayan empire declined
Spanish conquistadors
Plunder: greats amount of precious metals
Increased wealth in Spain
Spanish and Native American trade
Spanish: horses, firearms, wheat, alcohol, disease
Natives: corn, potatoes, tobacco, and cocoa
Many natives died from diseases
Horses was significant in agriculture and hunting
SW US Region most greatly affected
Hernando Cortez
First conquistador
Used advance military tactics, weapons and recruiting to overthrow Aztecs
Encouraged other conquistadors
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered inca
Founded Lima
Used manipulation and guile to succeed
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Explored SW territory of US
looking for Cibola (seven cities of gold)
Recorded interactions with natives and mapped the land
Affects of exploration on Americas
Native populations greatly decreased
Spanish colonies established exploited native labor
New goods on both sides because of trade
French exploration
Find northwest passage
Began in Hudson Bay ➡️ explorations of Great Lakes, Mississippi River
Establishes colonies to export furs and fish
Good relations with native Americas
Northwest passage
Water route through North America that would facilitate trade with Asia
Dutch
Established colonies in Caribbean
Wanted to increase wealth through trade
Strong naval presence to protect trade
Specialized in sugar, spices and slaves
Jamestown
Struggled because people wanted gold not agriculture work
Tobacco cash crop
1519 African indentured servants
African slaves became slaves for life
Sir Francis drake
Defeated Spanish Armada
Established England as the European naval power ➡️ gave England first choice in colonization
Pilgrims
Protestant separatists
Settled in Massachusetts bay colony on Plymouth Rock
Mayflower compact
John Winthrop governor
First self regulating government
Based on democracy and Christianity
Live under common rules and laws
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison
Founded Rhode Island for a place of religious freedom
Reason for English colonies
Business and the dream of religious freedoms
Business became business of America ➡️ revolutionary war
Effects of religious freedom
Culture of high moral standards and adherence to principles would have ramifications leading up to the revolutionary war
House of burgess
Virginia
Allowed colonists to have a representative voice in the laws of the colonies
Importance of representative government grew➡️leads to revolutionary war
French and Indian war
Began over land disputes surrounding the Appalachian mountains
1754
Ended in favor of the British
Consequences of the French and Indian war
Proclamation of 1763 French cessation of land George Washington Native Americans lost French ally Increased British debt ➡️ enforced taxation
Proclamation of 1763
Issued by King George
Colonist could not settled past Appalachian mountains or Ohio valley
Protected colonists from natives and stopped expensive war from occurring
Colonists mad because they fought for this land
French cessation of land
French ceded lands west of Mississippi to Spain because lost of Florida
Land regained by Napoleon in 1801 ➡️sold to us in 1803
George Washington and French and Indian war
Earned rank of major in British army and gained military experience
Sugar act
1764
Placed a tax on sugar, textiles, coffee, wines, and indigo
Forbid the importation of foreign rum and French wines
Placed on all British colonies
Stamp act
1765
Levied only on the American colonies
Tax on all printed materials
Tax affected influential colonies: lawyers, publishers, land owners, ship builders and merchants
Quartering act
1765
Required colonists to provide room and board to all British soldiers
Townsend act
1767
New taxes on imported items such as paper, glass, tea, lead and paints
Cover cost of protecting and administrating American colonies
Boston massacre
Group of soldiers fired into a mob
Killed 3 people
Tea act
1773 Reduced the cost of tea British sell directly to colonists Established them as a monopoly British east India company
Boston tea party
1773
Colonists disguised as Indians dumped British East Indian company tea into Boston harbor in protest of tea act
First continental congress
1774
Representatives from 12 colonies voiced their opposition to the new taxation acts and parliaments taxation without representation
Beginning of uniting colonists
Effects of crusade
Influx of exotic goods from Asia to Europe
Gave Arabs and Italy trade power over trade routes
Demand for Asian goods ⬆️ trade ⬆️ = find a new path
