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OAE Middle Social Science > American History > Flashcards

American History Flashcards

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1
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Explored Louisiana purchase (1804-1806)

Described resources, plants and wildlife

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2
Q

Steamboat

A

Easier to ship and less labor needed
Robertson Fulton made first voyage with steamboat (1807)
Staple along Mississippi River
Steam engine later used in trains

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3
Q

War of 1812

A

“Second war for independence”
Causes: impressment a of american sailors by British, raided American ships, military-enforced trade restrictions
War ended with treaty of Ghent

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4
Q

Treaty of Ghent

A

Neither side gaining anything
Benefits to US:
Weakening power of natives
Increased nationalism
Established military heroes ➡️political office
Led to era of good feelings: optimism and American pride

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5
Q

Louisiana purchase

A

1803
Thomas Jefferson sent delegates to negotiate with Napoleon
Wanted New Orleans port to secure naval trade
Authorized them to pay 10 million
Napoleon revealed they regained Louisiana territory
Purchased for 15 million w/o permission
Land between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains

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6
Q

Missouri compromise of 1820

A

Political compromise
Issue: whether or not Missouri would enter as a slave state and how slavery would be addressed in future territory
Henry clay: Missouri slave state and Maine free state, every territory south of the 36 30 parallel will be a slave state

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7
Q

Monroe doctrine

A

Foreign policy under James Monroe
Established lands in America not colonized by Europe and US would not participate in foreign affairs
Upheld for over 100 years

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8
Q

Trail of tears

A

Early 1800s
Relocation of native Americans to west of Mississippi River
Andrew Jackson
A lot of native Americans die

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9
Q

Manifest destiny

A

US expand from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

Gain of Louisiana purchase, Oregon territory, annexation of Texas and land gained from Mexican American war

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10
Q

Mexican American war

A

1845 US annexed Texas
Mexico thought they had right to land ➡️ war
US had stronger military and economic power = win
Result: US reaches manifest destiny goal

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11
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo in 1848

A

Northern Mexico lands (Cali, Nevada, Utah, Arizona) in exchange for 18 million to US

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12
Q

California gold rush

A

Many people migrated to the region to strike gold
Effects: intense increase of population in the west
Settlers began farming when they couldn’t find gold

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13
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Postponed war
Issue: how slavery would be handled in new lands
Five separate bills
1. Texas gave up a lot of land for 10 mil
2. Fugitive slave act of 1850: slaves must be returned
3. Slave trade abolished in DC
4. New Mexico, Utah, Arizona could decide on slavery
5. Cali admitted as free state

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14
Q

Effect of compromise of 1850

A

Postponed war
Allowed Northwest Territories to build infrastructure and economy
Allowed north east Nd northwest states to bond
Helped the north victory

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15
Q

Slavery in US

A

4 million slaves
Allowed south to become worlds leading producer of cotton
Cheap labor allowed south to prosper

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16
Q

Underground Railroad

A

1830s
Network of secret houses and routes emerged to help slaves escape and find freedom in Canada or Europe
Response: fugitive slave act

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17
Q

Uncle tom’s cabin

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)
Portrayed horrors of slavery
Increased abolition support
Response: south attempted to show north slabery was humane

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18
Q

William garrison

A

Published the liberator

Founded the American anti-slavery society

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19
Q

John brown

A

Attempted to start a slave rebellion in 1859
Led a band of 22 men on a raid to gather weapons from Arsenal in Harper’s ferry, Virginia
Brown hanged for treason
Catalyst for civil war

20
Q

Causes of civil war

A

Slavery and rights of states

1860 South Carolina seceded from the union

21
Q

Advantages for south in civil war

A

Superior military leadership
Men grew up shooting and hunting
Familiar with land
Men fight harder if they fight for their home land

22
Q

North advantages in civil war

A

Industrialized economy
Larger population for recruitment
Stronger navy ➡️ sustain trade while,blockading the south

23
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Turning point of war
Robert e lee wants to invade the north to have the north give up and legitimize the south in Europe (gain recognition)
Met at Gettysburg 1863
Confederacy retreated

24
Q

Sherman’s March at sea

A

1864: General Sherman and grant led forces through south destroying everything
South was unable to fight anymore
Surrendered in 1865 April

25
Q

Result of civil war

A

Devastated south

Reconstruction era: adapt to slaves to society and rebuild their society

26
Q

Reconstruction era

A

Ensure equality of all men
Notable achievements: 13, 14, 15 amendments
Klu klux klan and other racist tactics intimidated black community

27
Q

Radical reconstruction

A

Social, economic, and political reforms passed by republicans in congress
Reforms had to be met in order to be re-admitted to union and out of martial law

28
Q

Freedmans bureau

A

Help newly freed slaves find education and work

Didn’t really help

29
Q

Long term effect of reconstruction era

A

Failed

White supremacist groups, Jim Crow laws, plessy v Ferguson

30
Q

Civil rights movement

A

1960s
Black citizens start to undo years of segregation
Martin Luther King

31
Q

Spanish American war

A

1897 Cuban effort for independence , US sympathetic
Feb 15 1897: uss Maine sank in port of Havana and America blamed Spanish ➡️ war
War fought in Atlantic and pacific
Lasted four months US won

32
Q

Treaty of Paris 1898

A

US gained Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico a

Cuba gained independence

33
Q

Effects of American Spanish war

A

US established as world/naval power
Ended Spanish empire
Led to rose of Theodore Roosevelt

34
Q

Railroad

A

First continental railroad 1863-1869 by central pacific railroad of California and Union Pacific railroad
Cut the travel time from 6 months to 6 weeks

35
Q

Airplane

A

1903 wright brothers

36
Q

Car

A

1909 Henry ford
Model T
Refined the process of mass production in an assembly line
Allowed Americans to travel across country cheaper and faster

37
Q

World war 1

A

Entered on April 6, 1917
German uboat sank British ship Lusitania in 1915 with 128 Americans on board ➡️ Wilson refused to enter war
1917 Zimmerman telegram to Mexico to join axis and defeat US

38
Q

Results of US joining war

A

Turned war in favor of allies
Economic and military support refreshed allied forces
June 28, 1919: treaty of Versailles ended war and ushered roaring 20’s

39
Q

John t scopes monkey trail

A

1925: tried for teaching evolution

Evolution could be taught in public schools
Prosecuting attorney: William Jennings Bryan 3 time prez nominee for Democratic Party
Defense: Clarence Darrow

40
Q

Great Depression

A

Oct 29, 1929: US stock market crashed
Black Tuesday
Height of Great Depression 1933 with 25 percent unemployment

41
Q

New deal (FDR)

A

Keynesian economics

Social security and unemployment benefits

42
Q

World war 2 effects on US

A

Helped US come out of Great Depression

Factories made which put Americans back to work

43
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Dec 7 1941: jap bombed Pearl Harbor

Caused US to enter war

44
Q

US and allies

A

Economic and military backing of US changed tide of war in favor of allies

45
Q

D Day

A

June 6, 1944
Allies invaded Normandy beach
War continued for 11 months and Germany surrendered on May 7 1945

46
Q

Atomic bombs in Japan

A

Aug 14, 1945 two atomic bombs dropped in Japan

Advancement of nuclear technology changed wars

47
Q

Cold War

A

US and Russia
Nothing happened
New military technology kept us as world power

OAE Middle Social Science (6 decks)

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