Foundations Of Group Behavior

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

Two or more individuals interacting and interdepemdent who have come together to achieve particular objectives

Question 2

Formal group

Answer 2

Defined by the organization’s structure with designated work assignments and established tasks

Question 3

Informal group

Answer 3

Neither formally structured nor organizationally determined

Question 4

Social identity theory

Answer 4

Our tendency to personally invest in the accomplishments of a group

Question 5

Schadenfreude

Answer 5

The joy fans experience when a hated team loses

Question 6

Relational Identification

Answer 6

When we connect with others because of our roles

Question 7

Collective identification

Answer 7

When we connect with the aggregate characteristics of our groups

Question 8

Ingroup favoritism

Answer 8

When we see members of our group as better than other people and people not in our group as the same

Question 9

Outgroup favoritism

Answer 9

Sometimes everyone else but usually an identified group known by the ingroup’s members

Question 10

Social identity threat

Answer 10

Individuals believe they will be personally negatively evaluated due to their association with a devalued group and they may lose confidence and performance effectiveness

Question 11

Punctuated equilibrium model

Answer 11

Temporary groups with finite deadlines pass theough a unique sequenceing of action or inaction in 6 steps

Question 12

The six steps of the punctuated equilibrium model

Answer 12

1. The first meeting sets direction
2. First phase is one of inertia (slow progress)
3. A tranaition takes place at he half way point
4. The transition initiates major changes
5. A second phase of intertia follows the transition
6. The last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity

Question 13

Defining group properties

Answer 13

1. Roles
2. Norms
3. Status
4. Size
5. Cohesiveness
6. Diversity

Question 14

Paychological contract

Answer 14

An unwritten agreement that exists between employees and employers

Question 15

Role Conflict

Answer 15

When compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another

Question 16

Interrole Conflict

Answer 16

When the expectations of our different spearate groups are in conflict

Question 17

Norms

Answer 17

Acceptable standards of behavior shared by members that express what they should and shouldn’t do under certain circumstances

Question 18

Conformity

Answer 18

When individual members change their attitudes and behaviors to match the group standard

Question 19

Reference groups

Answer 19

Where a person is aware of other members, defines themself as a member or would like to be a member, and feels group members are significant.

Question 20

Deviant Workplace Behavior

Answer 20

Counterproductive work behavior. Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in so doing threatens the well being of the organization or its members

Question 21

Status

Answer 21

A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others

Question 22

Status Characteristics theory

Answer 22

Status tends to derive from one of 3 sources

1. The power a person wields over others
2. A person’s ability to contribute to a groups goals
3. An individual’s personal characteristics

Question 23

Social Loafing

Answer 23

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collecythan when alone

Question 24

Cohesiveness

Answer 24

The degree to which members are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group

Question 25

Diversity

Answer 25

The degree to which members of the group are similar to or different from one another

Question 26

Faultlines

Answer 26

Perceived divisions that split groups into two or more subgroups based on individual differences

Question 27

Groupthink

Answer 27

Relates to norms and describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising views

Question 28

Groupshift

Answer 28

Describes the way group members tend to exaggerate their initial positions when discusing a given set of alternatives to arrive at a solution

Question 29

Nominal group technique

Answer 29

Restricts discussion and inter personal communication during the decision making process