Foundations Ch.6 Key Terms Flashcards
AKA bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
Alkalis
An ion with a negative electrical charge
Anion
An ion with a positive electrical charge
Cation
Subatomic particles with a negative charge
Electrons
Simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity
Element
An alpha hydroxy acid AHA used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products
Glycolic acid
Subatomic particles with no charge
Neutrons
AKA redox, a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced(by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized(by gaining oxygen)
Oxidation-reduction
Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
Miscible
Substance causes an increase in cellular mutation, some of which are harmful but others which have little to no effect on body’s function; may cause cancer but not always
Mutagen
Abbreviation for potential hydrogen-represented quantity of hydrogen ions
pH
Subatomic particles with positive charge
Protons
Substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound
Reducing agent
Commonly knows as lye; a very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners
Sodium hydroxide
Substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
Substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution
Solvent
Contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix or emulsify
Surfactants
Unstable physical mixtures of undiscovered particles in a liquid
Suspensions
Separation of an atom or molecule into a positive and negative ions
Ionization
Smallest chemical components of an element
Atoms
A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance
Chemical change
Material that is capable of igniting and burning
Combustible
Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
Chemistry
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
Immiscible
Used to describe how overexposure determines toxicity
Overexposure Principle
