Foundation of Research Methods (1)

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

a type of systematic investigation that is empirical in nature and is designed to contribute to public knowledge

Question 2

Research enterprise

Answer 2

The macro level effort to accumulate knowledge across multiple empirical systematic public research projects

Question 3

Translational research

research practice continuum

Answer 3

Systematic effort to move research from initial discovery to practice and ultimately to impacts on our lives

Question 4

Basic research

Answer 4

designed to generate discoveries and understand how they work

Question 5

Applied research

Answer 5

a discovery is tested under increasingly controlled conditions in real-world contexts

Question 6

Implementation & Dissemination research

Answer 6

assesses how well an innovation or discovery can be distributed in and carried out in a broad range of contexts that extend beyond the original controlled studies

Question 7

Impact research

Answer 7

assesses the broader effects of a discovery or innovation on society

Question 8

Policy research

Answer 8

designed to investigate existing policies or develop and test new ones

Question 9

Research synthesis

Answer 9

systematic study of multiple prior research projects that address the same research question or topic and that summarizes the results in a manner that can be used by practitioners

Question 10

Meta-analysis

Answer 10

uses statistical methods to combine the results of similar studies quantitatively in order to allow general conclusions to be made

Question 11

systematic review

Answer 11

focuses on a specific question or issue and uses pre-planned methods to identify, select, assess and summarize the findings and multiple research studies

Question 12

Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Answer 12

A movement designed to encourage or require practitioners to employ practices that are based on research evidence as reflected in research synthesis or practice guidelines

Question 13

Request by proposal (RFP)

Answer 13

agency approaches and requests to research a specific topic, for which they will pay

Question 14

Literature review

Answer 14

A systematic compilation and written summary of all the literature published in scientific journals that is related to a research topic of interest

Question 15

Peer review

Answer 15

reviewing potential research publications ( anonymous)

high credibility

Question 16

Descriptive studies

Answer 16

designed primarily to document what is going on or what exists

Question 17

Relational studies

Answer 17

look at the relationships between two or more variables

Question 18

Causal studies

Answer 18

Investigate a causal relationship between two variables

Question 19

cross- sectional study

Answer 19

takes place at a single point in time

Question 20

longitudinal study

Answer 20

takes place over time ( multiple measurement waves)

Question 21

repeated measures

Answer 21

two or more waves of measurement over time

Question 22

time series

Answer 22

many waves of measurement over time

Question 23

Correlational relationship

Answer 23

two things performed in a synchronized manner

Question 24

third variable or missing variable problem

Answer 24

unobserved variable that accounts for a correlational between two variables

Question 25

Deduction

Answer 25

Top-down research

Theory-> Hypothesis-> Observation -> Confirmation

Question 26

Inductive

Answer 26

Bottom-up reasoning

Observation-> Pattern -> tentative hypothesis -> Theory

Question 27

Operationalization

Answer 27

The act of translating a construct into its manifestation

Question 28

Validity

Answer 28

the best available approximation of the truth of a given proposition, inference or conclusion