Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A - Neuroinfectious Diseases > Foundation - Macroanatomy > Flashcards

Foundation - Macroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of systems in recent years important for neuroinfections

A
  1. The glymphatic system
  2. The neurolymphatic system
  3. New meningeal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CNS vs PNS

A

CNS
Encased in bone: brain and spinal cord
Brain: central processing organ
Spinal cord: major conduit of information

PNS
2 parts: somatic and visceral
Somatic = voluntary control
Visceral= involuntary or autonomous
Enteric system - both somatic and visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Enteric system

A
  • both somatic and visceral
  • consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Brain can be divided into

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cerebrum

A

largest (and newest) part

can be divided into:
2 hemispheres (left and right - separated by the dorsal midline)

Connected by corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

corpus callosum

A

largest collection of mylenated nerve fibers

connects 2 hemispheres of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebellum

A

smaller but contains more than half of the total neurons in the brain.

Involved in all voluntary functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brainstem

A

smallest (and oldest) part,

base upon which the cerebellum and cerebrum rest.

Connection between brain and spinal cord.

Involved in all involuntary functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cerebrum is highly folded, with
_____ used to identify 4
lobes

highly folded because ____

A

deepest folds (sulci)

because - increase surface area - more neurons - more info. processing
(evolutionarily - most folds are in humans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 Lobes of the ___ are ____

A

cerebrum

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The frontal lobe

A

attention
planning
decision-making (behavior).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The parietal lobe

A

integrates information from the senses (orientation and cognition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The occipital lobe

A

responsible for vision
(and perception based on visual cues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The temporal lobe

A

language
memory
emotion (specially based on sound cues).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinal cord can be divided into

A

5 segments:
1. Cervical cord
2. Thoracic cord
3. Lumbar cord
4. Sacral cord
5. Coccygeal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ____ grows faster than the rest of the spinal cord because of this ___

A

vertebral column
there is space to do a spinal tap (between L4+L5)

17
Q

Each segment of the spinal cord contains

A

various pairs of spinal nerves
these pairs - are where the PNS starts

(i.e. the cervical cord gives rise to 8 nerves)

18
Q

Layers of protection for the CNS

A
  1. Skull and vertebral column
  2. Meninges (also in spinal cord - continuous)
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (increase buoyancy - floating - protection from blows - evenly distributes pressure)
  4. Subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane
19
Q

The Meninges

A

Encompasses both brain and
spinal cord

  • Dura mater (outermost - “flap”)
  • Arachnoid mater (middle)
  • Pia mater (innermost)

Define clinically important spaces

20
Q

Subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane

A

(SLYM)

Divides the subarachnoid space into two
functional spaces
* Forms a new anatomical barrier

Plays active role in immune surveillance

Necessary for correct function of the glympathic system

21
Q

The brain is a ______ ball first noted by ___

A

hollowed
by Hippocrates but actual morphology discovered by Leonardo da Vinci

22
Q

hollowed parts of brain contain

A

CSF-filled spaces
connected by canals known as ventricles

23
Q

ventricles

A

left lateral
right lateral,
third
fourth

Connected by:
inter ventricular foramen
and cerebral aqueduct

Continuous with the central canal of
the spinal cord

24
Q

continios and random flow of CSF starts

A

after exit 4th ventricle

25
Q

CSF composition

A

CSF is an electrolyte, almost 100%
protein and cell free (no red blood cells,
hence is clear)

  • Presence of protein or cellular infiltrates
    is indicative of a dysfuntion
26
Q

white vs gray matter pattern

A

white - transmits signals - mylenated

in spinal cord vs brain - pattern is inverted

spinal - white on edge
brain - white in middle

27
Q

Functional brain imaging includes

A

CT - distinguishes between air, liquid, and bone -when inflammation - inc. white b/c inc dense

MRI - air and bone - no signal; soft tissue - signal. Same changes with inflammation

PET scans - highlight areas of metabolic activity

28
Q

baby vs adult hydrocephalus

A

baby - main part of skull not formed so skull expands

adult - redirect pressure on brain - squish brain

A - Neuroinfectious Diseases (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions