Foundation: B2 - Organisation Flashcards
What is the definition of a tissue
a tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together eg. muscular tissue
What is the definition of an organ
an organ is a collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function eg. muscular tissue to churn the stomach
What is the function of the large intestine
absorbs excess water from undigested food
What is the function of the anus
secretes waste from the body
What is the function of the liver in digestion
produces bile
What is the function of the liver in digestion
stores bile
What is the test for starch?
iodine test, turns blue-black
What are proteins made up of
long chains of amino acids
The function of lipids is to
act as an efficient energy store
How would you test for the presence of protein in a food and what would a positive result look like
biuret test, turns purple
How would you test for the presence of sugars in a food and what would a positive result look like
benedicts test, turns brick red
What type of carbohydrates have only 1 sugar unit
simple sugars eg. glucose
How would you test for lipids in a food and what would a positive result look like
ethanol test, turns cloudy white
The model of how enzymes work is known as the
lock and key model
What is the active site of an enzyme
where the substrate binds to the enzyme
Define catalyst
a chemical that speeds up reactions
What 2 factors can affect enzyme action
temperature and pH
What specific enzyme breaks down starch
amylase
Where would you find protease enzymes breaking down proteins
stomach and small intestine
Fats are broken down into
fatty acids and glycerol
What organ can all enzymes be made in
the pancreas
Why do certain enzymes work at better pH’s
because the enzymes all work in different parts of the digestive system, each with varying pH levels
What is the function of bile
to neutralise acidic food leaving the stomach
What are the 4 components that make up blood
rbc, wbc, plasma and platelets
What shape are red blood cells and how does this aid in their function
biconcave, increase surface area for diffusion
What are the 3 types of blood vessel
vein, artery, capillary
What vessel has a thick layer of muscle surrounding the lumen
artery
What vessel has a wide lumen
vein
What is meant by the term double circulatory system
2 transport systems, one from your heart to lungs to gather oxygen and one from heart to body to transport oxygen
What type of vessel carries blood away from the heart
artery
Describe the pathway blood takes from entering the heart to the lungs
deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava into the right atrium, down into right ventricle then out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
Why is the left wall of the heart thicker than the right
pumps blood to whole body
What is the purpose of heart valves
keeps blood flowing in the right direction
What vessels supply the heart with oxygenated blood
coronary arteries
How does a stent work in solving the problem of coronary heart disease
metal mesh placed in artery, balloon inflated to open up vessel, stent keeps holding artery open whilst balloon is removed
What type of medication can reduce the chance of coronary heart disease and how do they work
statins, reduce cholesterol levels in the blood
Where is the hearts natural pacemaker located
right atrium
What type of signals does your pacemaker send out
electrical
Why might you need an artificial pacemaker
your heart cannot keep a natural rhythm
What is a positive about having a biological replacement heart valve
do not have to take any medication
What is a negative about having a mechanical heart valves
made of man made materials, have to take anti-clotting medication
Where is the site of gas exchange in your lungs
alveoli
What tube connects the mouth to the lungs
trachea/windpipe
Why are the alveoli adapted for their function
large surface area, surrounded by capillaries
What type of tissue contains lots of chloroplasts in a plant
palisade mesophyll
What type of tissue moves water around the plant
xylem
What type of tissue moves glucose and other sugars around the plant
phloem
What is the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant known as
translocation
What piece of equipment can you use to measure water loss
potometer
What part of the leaf helps to reduce water loss
waxy waterproof layer
What is water loss through leaves of a plant known as
transpiration
What is the function of lungs
to take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide, gas exchange
