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Biology GCSE 2020 > Foundation: B2 - Organisation > Flashcards

Foundation: B2 - Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a tissue

A

a tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together eg. muscular tissue

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2
Q

What is the definition of an organ

A

an organ is a collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function eg. muscular tissue to churn the stomach

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3
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

absorbs excess water from undigested food

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4
Q

What is the function of the anus

A

secretes waste from the body

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5
Q

What is the function of the liver in digestion

A

produces bile

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6
Q

What is the function of the liver in digestion

A

stores bile

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7
Q

What is the test for starch?

A

iodine test, turns blue-black

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8
Q

What are proteins made up of

A

long chains of amino acids

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9
Q

The function of lipids is to

A

act as an efficient energy store

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10
Q

How would you test for the presence of protein in a food and what would a positive result look like

A

biuret test, turns purple

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11
Q

How would you test for the presence of sugars in a food and what would a positive result look like

A

benedicts test, turns brick red

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12
Q

What type of carbohydrates have only 1 sugar unit

A

simple sugars eg. glucose

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13
Q

How would you test for lipids in a food and what would a positive result look like

A

ethanol test, turns cloudy white

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14
Q

The model of how enzymes work is known as the

A

lock and key model

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15
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme

A

where the substrate binds to the enzyme

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16
Q

Define catalyst

A

a chemical that speeds up reactions

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17
Q

What 2 factors can affect enzyme action

A

temperature and pH

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18
Q

What specific enzyme breaks down starch

A

amylase

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19
Q

Where would you find protease enzymes breaking down proteins

A

stomach and small intestine

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20
Q

Fats are broken down into

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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21
Q

What organ can all enzymes be made in

A

the pancreas

22
Q

Why do certain enzymes work at better pH’s

A

because the enzymes all work in different parts of the digestive system, each with varying pH levels

23
Q

What is the function of bile

A

to neutralise acidic food leaving the stomach

24
Q

What are the 4 components that make up blood

A

rbc, wbc, plasma and platelets

25
Q

What shape are red blood cells and how does this aid in their function

A

biconcave, increase surface area for diffusion

26
Q

What are the 3 types of blood vessel

A

vein, artery, capillary

27
Q

What vessel has a thick layer of muscle surrounding the lumen

A

artery

28
Q

What vessel has a wide lumen

A

vein

29
Q

What is meant by the term double circulatory system

A

2 transport systems, one from your heart to lungs to gather oxygen and one from heart to body to transport oxygen

30
Q

What type of vessel carries blood away from the heart

A

artery

31
Q

Describe the pathway blood takes from entering the heart to the lungs

A

deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava into the right atrium, down into right ventricle then out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

32
Q

Why is the left wall of the heart thicker than the right

A

pumps blood to whole body

33
Q

What is the purpose of heart valves

A

keeps blood flowing in the right direction

34
Q

What vessels supply the heart with oxygenated blood

A

coronary arteries

35
Q

How does a stent work in solving the problem of coronary heart disease

A

metal mesh placed in artery, balloon inflated to open up vessel, stent keeps holding artery open whilst balloon is removed

36
Q

What type of medication can reduce the chance of coronary heart disease and how do they work

A

statins, reduce cholesterol levels in the blood

37
Q

Where is the hearts natural pacemaker located

A

right atrium

38
Q

What type of signals does your pacemaker send out

A

electrical

39
Q

Why might you need an artificial pacemaker

A

your heart cannot keep a natural rhythm

40
Q

What is a positive about having a biological replacement heart valve

A

do not have to take any medication

41
Q

What is a negative about having a mechanical heart valves

A

made of man made materials, have to take anti-clotting medication

42
Q

Where is the site of gas exchange in your lungs

A

alveoli

43
Q

What tube connects the mouth to the lungs

A

trachea/windpipe

44
Q

Why are the alveoli adapted for their function

A

large surface area, surrounded by capillaries

45
Q

What type of tissue contains lots of chloroplasts in a plant

A

palisade mesophyll

46
Q

What type of tissue moves water around the plant

A

xylem

47
Q

What type of tissue moves glucose and other sugars around the plant

A

phloem

48
Q

What is the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant known as

A

translocation

49
Q

What piece of equipment can you use to measure water loss

A

potometer

50
Q

What part of the leaf helps to reduce water loss

A

waxy waterproof layer

51
Q

What is water loss through leaves of a plant known as

A

transpiration

52
Q

What is the function of lungs

A

to take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide, gas exchange

Biology GCSE 2020 (13 decks)

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