Fossil fuel Flashcards
use of kerosene
fuels for jet
raw materials for making towngas
naphtha
but there is no naphtha in towngas!!
catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes
platinum, nickel or palladium
why need to take out the delivery tube of the water level before removing heat in cracking
prevent sucking back/ boiling tube will be cracked
origin of petroleum
dead marine organisms remain
buried underneath rocks and subjected to intense heat and pressure for a long time
cracking only produce alkane?
no
there must be at least one alkene molecules produced
the major exhaust gas from car engine
N2
Give one application of polypropene
luggage cases
why cracking is important
it can produce small molecules from large hydrocarbons to meet the industrial demand
why using electric car can help alleviate global warming
Using carbon capture techniques, the CO2 produced in power station can be trapped thus the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere will be reduced
what will be produced by cars which cannot be removed by catalytic convertor
suspended particulates
X air particulates
how to produce 1,2-dibromoethane form crude oil
Separation of crude oil by fractional distillation of crude oil
Cracking of heavy oil/naphtha
***Fractional distillation of the product mixture
Addition reaction of ethene
why polymer has a range of relative molecular mass
polymer is a mixture of polymer molecules with different length
why Br radical has a high reactivity
Br atom doesnt have stable octet electronic configuration
with one unpaired electron which is very reactive
fossil fuel definition
fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of living organisms that lived millions of years ago
petroleum is a mixture
T/F
T
what is the use of refinery gas
for LPG
liquefied petroleum gas
C1-C4
what is the use of petrol
motor car fuel
C5-C10
what is the use of naphtha
raw materials for town gas
C5-C10
what is the use of kerosene
jet plane fuel
what is the use of diesel or gas oil
fuel for buses
what is the use of fuel oil
fuel for factories
what is the use of lubricating oils/wax
making candles
what is the use of bitumen
surfacing road
in distillation
why the water in the condenser should be injected in the lower end
to ensure the jacket is fullly filled with water
better cooling effect
in what states does wax act as the fuel in a burning candle
vapour
why a burning candle can be extinguished by a strong wind?
the strong wind cause a lowering of temperature
why is it hazardous to add cold water to molten wax at a high temperature
the high temperature of wax causes water to evaporate rapidly and so the steam produced causes the molten wax to splash out and burn our skin
are CO CO2 organic compounds?
no
they are exceptional cases
what is saturated compounds?
organic compound which only contains single bonds
but C=O ok
properties of homologous series
same general formula
each member is different form the next member by a CH2 unit
gradual change in physical properties
similar chemical properties (not the same )
state of C1-C4 in 25oC
gas
state of C5-C17 in 25oC
liquid
one common use of alkane in lab
paraffin oil
why octane burns with a more sooty flame compared to pentane
octane has a higher carbon content
its chances to undergo incomplete combustion is higher than pentane
cracking definition
cracking is the process of breaking down of larger hydrocarbon into smaller hydrocarbon under the action of heat or catalyst in the absence of air
why cant we heat the rocksil soaked with paraffin directly in the cracking setup
the parrafin will be vaporized and pass through the catalyst too quickly without being cracked
uses of cracking
meet the industrial demand of lighter fraction
produce alkenes which can be converted to plastic
alkenes is more reactive than alkane
T/F
T
because of the CC double bond
why alkene burns with a more sooty flame than alkane with same number of C
higher percentage by mass of C
highest supply of petroleum fraction
heavy oil(fuel oil, lubricating oil)
highest demand of petroleum fraction
gas oil > petrol and kerosene
what are present in LPG
propane and butane
components in town gas
CO H2 (CH4 CO2)
why town gas contain an odourant
give a characteristic smell to warn customers of the leakage of town gas
why we cant use phone and electronic device in a town gas leakage
trigger off an electric spark which may ignite the town gas (explosion)
what is the negative impact bring by CO
CO combines with haemoglobin to prevent it from carrying O2 to tissue cell
unconsciousness and death
what is the general negative impact bring by unburnt hydrocarbon, particulates, NO ,SO2…
irritate respiratory system
how a photochemical smog is formed
unburnt hydrocarbon + nitrogen oxides + oxygen in air under sunlight
why use unleaded petrol
Pt in catalytic convertor will be posioned if Pb is present
it will damage nervous system
common greenhouse gas
CO2 H2O(g) CH4 CFCs ozone N2O
why theres increasing concentration of methane
increase in the number of cattle
the remains decay to give methane
how to solve oil spillage
use detergent to emulsify the oil
use microorganism to break down the oil
carbon monoxide soluble in water
no
so rainwater cannot wash away it
what is polymerisation
its the process of repeatedly joining small molecules together to form the polymer chain
whether polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups for hot drinks
expanded polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups as it is a good heat insulator and non-poisonous
why using naphtha instead of coal to manufacture town gas
it is easier to transport and store naphtha and it produce less air pollutants
why a hot water bath instead of a make flame is used for heating methanol
because methanol is flammable
properties of polyethene
durable
water repelling
chemically inert
high tensile strength
why polyethene is durable
the C-H bond are strong and unreactive
write the chemical equation of combustion of octane
2C8H18 + 25O2 to 16CO2 + 18H2O
cannot use fraction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
only enthalpy can use
under what condition would CO formed from combustion of hydrocarbon
limited supply of oxygen
incomplete combustion not sure
advatage of using natural gas than coal in producing electricity
natural gas burns more completely but coal do not
compared with natural gas, coal contain more impurities so more pollutants such as SO2 will be formed
