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Fossil fuel Flashcards

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1
Q

use of kerosene

A

fuels for jet

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2
Q

raw materials for making towngas

A

naphtha

but there is no naphtha in towngas!!

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3
Q

catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes

A

platinum, nickel or palladium

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4
Q

why need to take out the delivery tube of the water level before removing heat in cracking

A

prevent sucking back/ boiling tube will be cracked

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5
Q

origin of petroleum

A

dead marine organisms remain

buried underneath rocks and subjected to intense heat and pressure for a long time

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6
Q

cracking only produce alkane?

A

no

there must be at least one alkene molecules produced

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7
Q

the major exhaust gas from car engine

A

N2

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8
Q

Give one application of polypropene

A

luggage cases

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9
Q

why cracking is important

A

it can produce small molecules from large hydrocarbons to meet the industrial demand

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10
Q

why using electric car can help alleviate global warming

A

Using carbon capture techniques, the CO2 produced in power station can be trapped thus the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere will be reduced

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11
Q

what will be produced by cars which cannot be removed by catalytic convertor

A

suspended particulates

X air particulates

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12
Q

how to produce 1,2-dibromoethane form crude oil

A

Separation of crude oil by fractional distillation of crude oil
Cracking of heavy oil/naphtha
***Fractional distillation of the product mixture
Addition reaction of ethene

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13
Q

why polymer has a range of relative molecular mass

A

polymer is a mixture of polymer molecules with different length

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14
Q

why Br radical has a high reactivity

A

Br atom doesnt have stable octet electronic configuration

with one unpaired electron which is very reactive

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15
Q

fossil fuel definition

A

fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of living organisms that lived millions of years ago

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16
Q

petroleum is a mixture

T/F

A

T

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17
Q

what is the use of refinery gas

A

for LPG
liquefied petroleum gas
C1-C4

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18
Q

what is the use of petrol

A

motor car fuel

C5-C10

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19
Q

what is the use of naphtha

A

raw materials for town gas

C5-C10

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20
Q

what is the use of kerosene

A

jet plane fuel

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21
Q

what is the use of diesel or gas oil

A

fuel for buses

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22
Q

what is the use of fuel oil

A

fuel for factories

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23
Q

what is the use of lubricating oils/wax

A

making candles

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24
Q

what is the use of bitumen

A

surfacing road

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25
Q

in distillation

why the water in the condenser should be injected in the lower end

A

to ensure the jacket is fullly filled with water

better cooling effect

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26
Q

in what states does wax act as the fuel in a burning candle

A

vapour

27
Q

why a burning candle can be extinguished by a strong wind?

A

the strong wind cause a lowering of temperature

28
Q

why is it hazardous to add cold water to molten wax at a high temperature

A

the high temperature of wax causes water to evaporate rapidly and so the steam produced causes the molten wax to splash out and burn our skin

29
Q

are CO CO2 organic compounds?

A

no

they are exceptional cases

30
Q

what is saturated compounds?

A

organic compound which only contains single bonds

but C=O ok

31
Q

properties of homologous series

A

same general formula
each member is different form the next member by a CH2 unit
gradual change in physical properties
similar chemical properties (not the same )

32
Q

state of C1-C4 in 25oC

A

gas

33
Q

state of C5-C17 in 25oC

A

liquid

34
Q

one common use of alkane in lab

A

paraffin oil

35
Q

why octane burns with a more sooty flame compared to pentane

A

octane has a higher carbon content

its chances to undergo incomplete combustion is higher than pentane

36
Q

cracking definition

A

cracking is the process of breaking down of larger hydrocarbon into smaller hydrocarbon under the action of heat or catalyst in the absence of air

37
Q

why cant we heat the rocksil soaked with paraffin directly in the cracking setup

A

the parrafin will be vaporized and pass through the catalyst too quickly without being cracked

38
Q

uses of cracking

A

meet the industrial demand of lighter fraction

produce alkenes which can be converted to plastic

39
Q

alkenes is more reactive than alkane

T/F

A

T

because of the CC double bond

40
Q

why alkene burns with a more sooty flame than alkane with same number of C

A

higher percentage by mass of C

41
Q

highest supply of petroleum fraction

A

heavy oil(fuel oil, lubricating oil)

42
Q

highest demand of petroleum fraction

A

gas oil > petrol and kerosene

43
Q

what are present in LPG

A

propane and butane

44
Q

components in town gas

A

CO H2 (CH4 CO2)

45
Q

why town gas contain an odourant

A

give a characteristic smell to warn customers of the leakage of town gas

46
Q

why we cant use phone and electronic device in a town gas leakage

A

trigger off an electric spark which may ignite the town gas (explosion)

47
Q

what is the negative impact bring by CO

A

CO combines with haemoglobin to prevent it from carrying O2 to tissue cell

unconsciousness and death

48
Q

what is the general negative impact bring by unburnt hydrocarbon, particulates, NO ,SO2…

A

irritate respiratory system

49
Q

how a photochemical smog is formed

A

unburnt hydrocarbon + nitrogen oxides + oxygen in air under sunlight

50
Q

why use unleaded petrol

A

Pt in catalytic convertor will be posioned if Pb is present

it will damage nervous system

51
Q

common greenhouse gas

A

CO2 H2O(g) CH4 CFCs ozone N2O

52
Q

why theres increasing concentration of methane

A

increase in the number of cattle

the remains decay to give methane

53
Q

how to solve oil spillage

A

use detergent to emulsify the oil

use microorganism to break down the oil

54
Q

carbon monoxide soluble in water

A

no

so rainwater cannot wash away it

55
Q

what is polymerisation

A

its the process of repeatedly joining small molecules together to form the polymer chain

56
Q

whether polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups for hot drinks

A

expanded polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups as it is a good heat insulator and non-poisonous

57
Q

why using naphtha instead of coal to manufacture town gas

A

it is easier to transport and store naphtha and it produce less air pollutants

58
Q

why a hot water bath instead of a make flame is used for heating methanol

A

because methanol is flammable

59
Q

properties of polyethene

A

durable
water repelling
chemically inert
high tensile strength

60
Q

why polyethene is durable

A

the C-H bond are strong and unreactive

61
Q

write the chemical equation of combustion of octane

A

2C8H18 + 25O2 to 16CO2 + 18H2O

cannot use fraction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
only enthalpy can use

62
Q

under what condition would CO formed from combustion of hydrocarbon

A

limited supply of oxygen

incomplete combustion not sure

63
Q

advatage of using natural gas than coal in producing electricity

A

natural gas burns more completely but coal do not

compared with natural gas, coal contain more impurities so more pollutants such as SO2 will be formed

chem (14 decks)

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