Forward Observer Flashcards
What is a call for fire?
A concise message prepared by the observer to request a fire mission.
What are the six elements of call for fire?
Observer Identification Warning Order Target Location Target Description Method of Engagement Method of Fire and Control
What are the three transmissions?
- Observer Identification and Warning Order
- Target Location
- Target Description, Method of Engagement, and Method of Fire and Control
What are the types of fire missions?
Adjust Fire Fire for Effect Suppression Immediate Smoke Immediate Suppression Illumination
What is the most important element of call for fire?
Target Location
What should the target description describe?
What the target is What the target is doing The number of elements The degree of protection Target size and shape
What can the observer indicate in method of engagement
Danger close Distribution Ammunition Trajectory Type of adjustment
What is purpose of the method of fire control?
The manner attacking the target, whether the observer wants to control the time of delivery of fire, and whether he can observe the target.
What are three methods of fire control?
When ready
At my command
Time on target
What does the Message To Observer (MTO) comprise?
Unit firing
Number of rounds
Target number
Change to method of engagement (if applicable)
When is OT direction sent?
Before or with the first subsequent correction.
What are the three methods of locating a target?
Grid
Polar
Shift from known point
What is the Army standard for grid coordinate CFF missions?
Six digits
Eight digit grids when greater accuracy required
Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a grid CFF mission?
No
What are some steps to finding a target grid?
Orient a map using compass or terrain
Identify the target with one of the terrain features on the ground
Locate the terrain feature on the map
Determine the six digit grid of the point plotted on the map
What is a polar plot CFF mission?
A way to locate a target with respect to the observer’s position.
Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a polar CFF mission?
Yes
What information does the observer send the FDC during a polar CFF mission?
Observer location
OT direction
Distance
Vertical shift if greater than 35 meters
What are some ways to determine OT direction?
Estimate by cardinal directions Scale from a map Compass Measure from a reference point Other measuring devices
What are some ways to find OT distance?
Laser
Flash-to-bang time (Time x 350 = Distance)
Estimation
What terms describe a vertical shift adjustment
Up and down
In which type of CFF mission does the observer not announce the type of mission?
Grid
What information must the FDC have to process a polar CFF request?
Observer location
When sending a direction to the FDC, the observer will always send what type of direction?
Mils (milliradians)
What does the FDC transmit after receiving the initial CFF request?
Message to Observer
Which method of estimating distance uses the following formula:
Elapsed time between impact and sound x 350 = Distance
Flash-to-bang
_______ is the observer’s determination of the location of the burst, or the mean point of impact of a group of bursts, with respect to the adjustment point observed along the observer-target line.
Spotting
The _______ consists of the type of mission, the size of the element to fire for effect, and the method of target location.
WARNO
What element of the call for fire allows the FDC to determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?
Target description
When sending target direction, it is normally expressed to the nearest ______.
10 mils
What is the preferred directional measurement used when requesting indirect fire?
Grid azimuth
What must the FDC have to fire a polar plot mission?
Observer location
The observer must determine an “Up” or “Down” shift if the difference between the observer altitude and the target altitude is ______ meters or greater.
35 meters
Range corrections are expressed to the nearest _______ when locating a target by shift from a known point.
100 meters
What must be announced to the FDC when a target is within 600 meters from your location?
Danger close
What is a field expedient method to quickly determine angular deviations?
Hand method
In which element of a call for fire would you indicate how to attack the target?
Method of engagement
In which element of a call for fire would the observer describe the target in enough detail that the FDC can determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?
Target description
How many transmissions are there in an initial call for fire request?
Three
In a shift from a known point mission, the observer tells the FDC the known point in the _________.
WARNO
___________ is used to bring the round left or right of the known point to the target.
Lateral shift
What techniques can be used to conduct area adjustment fire?
Successive bracketing
Hasty bracketing
Creeping fire
One round adjustment
The _________ is a well-defined point near the center of the target area on which to adjust fire.
Adjustment point
When using the hand method to determine deviation, what are the rough measurements for different hand positions?
One finger = 30 mils Two fingers = 70 mils Three fingers = 100 mils Four fingers = 125 mils Fist = 180 mils Spread hand = 300 mils
When using successive bracketing the observer normally initiates the fire for effect phase when a ________ bracket is split.
100 meter
Which two methods of control reduce the sporadic engagement of targets?
At my command
Time on target
What are the steps to the adjustment of fire?
Adjustment point
Spot round impact
Determine range correction
Determine lateral shift
What is the publication for Observed Fires?
ATP 3-09.30
What is an acronym used for target description?
Size
Nature/Nomenclature
Activity
Protection
What are the components of method of engagement?
Danger close
Ammo
Trajectory
What does the WARNO consist of?
Type of mission
Method of target location
What adjustment fire technique is used when firing danger close?
Creeping fire
What method of fire and control would an FO use to request a specific time to attack a target?
Time on target
Which element of a CFF mission would you request ammunition by type?
Method of engagement
How is range correction expressed when locating a target by shift from a known position?
Add/Drop + Rounded to nearest 100m
What is the second transmission in an initial CFF request?
Target location
When making definite range and deviation spotting, what adjustment determination would the FO use to spot each round when it impacts?
Mil relation formula
What is the first transmission in an initial CFF mission?
Observer ID
WARNO
In a shift from known point mission, the point or target from which the shift will be made is sent when?
WARNO
When massing fires, what two methods of control would the FO use?
At my command
Time on target
