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Infantry ALC > Forward Observer > Flashcards

Forward Observer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a call for fire?

A

A concise message prepared by the observer to request a fire mission.

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2
Q

What are the six elements of call for fire?

A 
Observer Identification
Warning Order
Target Location
Target Description
Method of Engagement
Method of Fire and Control
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3
Q

What are the three transmissions?

A
  1. Observer Identification and Warning Order
  2. Target Location
  3. Target Description, Method of Engagement, and Method of Fire and Control
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4
Q

What are the types of fire missions?

A 
Adjust Fire
Fire for Effect
Suppression
Immediate Smoke
Immediate Suppression
Illumination
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5
Q

What is the most important element of call for fire?

A

Target Location

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6
Q

What should the target description describe?

A 
What the target is
What the target is doing
The number of elements
The degree of protection
Target size and shape
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7
Q

What can the observer indicate in method of engagement

A 
Danger close
Distribution
Ammunition
Trajectory
Type of adjustment
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8
Q

What is purpose of the method of fire control?

A

The manner attacking the target, whether the observer wants to control the time of delivery of fire, and whether he can observe the target.

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9
Q

What are three methods of fire control?

A

When ready
At my command
Time on target

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10
Q

What does the Message To Observer (MTO) comprise?

A

Unit firing
Number of rounds
Target number
Change to method of engagement (if applicable)

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11
Q

When is OT direction sent?

A

Before or with the first subsequent correction.

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12
Q

What are the three methods of locating a target?

A

Grid
Polar
Shift from known point

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13
Q

What is the Army standard for grid coordinate CFF missions?

A

Six digits

Eight digit grids when greater accuracy required

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14
Q

Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a grid CFF mission?

A

No

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15
Q

What are some steps to finding a target grid?

A

Orient a map using compass or terrain
Identify the target with one of the terrain features on the ground
Locate the terrain feature on the map
Determine the six digit grid of the point plotted on the map

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16
Q

What is a polar plot CFF mission?

A

A way to locate a target with respect to the observer’s position.

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17
Q

Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a polar CFF mission?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What information does the observer send the FDC during a polar CFF mission?

A

Observer location
OT direction
Distance
Vertical shift if greater than 35 meters

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19
Q

What are some ways to determine OT direction?

A 
Estimate by cardinal directions
Scale from a map
Compass
Measure from a reference point
Other measuring devices
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20
Q

What are some ways to find OT distance?

A

Laser
Flash-to-bang time (Time x 350 = Distance)
Estimation

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21
Q

What terms describe a vertical shift adjustment

A

Up and down

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22
Q

In which type of CFF mission does the observer not announce the type of mission?

A

Grid

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23
Q

What information must the FDC have to process a polar CFF request?

A

Observer location

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24
Q

When sending a direction to the FDC, the observer will always send what type of direction?

A

Mils (milliradians)

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25
Q

What does the FDC transmit after receiving the initial CFF request?

A

Message to Observer

26
Q

Which method of estimating distance uses the following formula:
Elapsed time between impact and sound x 350 = Distance

A

Flash-to-bang

27
Q

_______ is the observer’s determination of the location of the burst, or the mean point of impact of a group of bursts, with respect to the adjustment point observed along the observer-target line.

A

Spotting

28
Q

The _______ consists of the type of mission, the size of the element to fire for effect, and the method of target location.

A

WARNO

29
Q

What element of the call for fire allows the FDC to determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?

A

Target description

30
Q

When sending target direction, it is normally expressed to the nearest ______.

A

10 mils

31
Q

What is the preferred directional measurement used when requesting indirect fire?

A

Grid azimuth

32
Q

What must the FDC have to fire a polar plot mission?

A

Observer location

33
Q

The observer must determine an “Up” or “Down” shift if the difference between the observer altitude and the target altitude is ______ meters or greater.

A

35 meters

34
Q

Range corrections are expressed to the nearest _______ when locating a target by shift from a known point.

A

100 meters

35
Q

What must be announced to the FDC when a target is within 600 meters from your location?

A

Danger close

36
Q

What is a field expedient method to quickly determine angular deviations?

A

Hand method

37
Q

In which element of a call for fire would you indicate how to attack the target?

A

Method of engagement

38
Q

In which element of a call for fire would the observer describe the target in enough detail that the FDC can determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?

A

Target description

39
Q

How many transmissions are there in an initial call for fire request?

A

Three

40
Q

In a shift from a known point mission, the observer tells the FDC the known point in the _________.

A

WARNO

41
Q

___________ is used to bring the round left or right of the known point to the target.

A

Lateral shift

42
Q

What techniques can be used to conduct area adjustment fire?

A

Successive bracketing
Hasty bracketing
Creeping fire
One round adjustment

43
Q

The _________ is a well-defined point near the center of the target area on which to adjust fire.

A

Adjustment point

44
Q

When using the hand method to determine deviation, what are the rough measurements for different hand positions?

A 
One finger = 30 mils
Two fingers = 70 mils
Three fingers = 100 mils
Four fingers = 125 mils
Fist = 180 mils
Spread hand = 300 mils
45
Q

When using successive bracketing the observer normally initiates the fire for effect phase when a ________ bracket is split.

A

100 meter

46
Q

Which two methods of control reduce the sporadic engagement of targets?

A

At my command

Time on target

47
Q

What are the steps to the adjustment of fire?

A

Adjustment point
Spot round impact
Determine range correction
Determine lateral shift

48
Q

What is the publication for Observed Fires?

A

ATP 3-09.30

49
Q

What is an acronym used for target description?

A

Size
Nature/Nomenclature
Activity
Protection

50
Q

What are the components of method of engagement?

A

Danger close
Ammo
Trajectory

51
Q

What does the WARNO consist of?

A

Type of mission

Method of target location

52
Q

What adjustment fire technique is used when firing danger close?

A

Creeping fire

53
Q

What method of fire and control would an FO use to request a specific time to attack a target?

A

Time on target

54
Q

Which element of a CFF mission would you request ammunition by type?

A

Method of engagement

55
Q

How is range correction expressed when locating a target by shift from a known position?

A

Add/Drop + Rounded to nearest 100m

56
Q

What is the second transmission in an initial CFF request?

A

Target location

57
Q

When making definite range and deviation spotting, what adjustment determination would the FO use to spot each round when it impacts?

A

Mil relation formula

58
Q

What is the first transmission in an initial CFF mission?

A

Observer ID

WARNO

59
Q

In a shift from known point mission, the point or target from which the shift will be made is sent when?

A

WARNO

60
Q

When massing fires, what two methods of control would the FO use?

A

At my command

Time on target

Infantry ALC (6 decks)

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