FORTIFIED WINE Flashcards
What kind of alcohol can be used to produce fortified wines? (4)
Wine spirit
Rectified alcohol of viticultural orgin
Rectified food alcohol
Where can a fortified wine be made from? (3)
Fresh grapes
Must
Wines with a natural alcohol of min. 12%
What was the original aim for making fortified wine?
Microbial stability (no use of SO2 in that time)
Which practise is called mutage?
The addition of alcohol during fermentation
Why do fortified grapes come mostly from warm regions?
Because originally the grapes became super ripe, high sugar levels, so less stability. Fortification was a way to stabilise and transport the wines
Name two Greek fortified wines
Muscat de Samos
Mavrodaphne
What is the difference between VDN or VDL?
VDN: fortified during AF with natural spirit
VDL: fortified before AF with local brandy
What is the minimum sugar content of base wine VDN?
45 gr/l
Name the two main grape varieties for VDN
Muscat (petits grains/rose/d’alexandrie)
Grenache (blanc/rouge/grey)
What is the name of the fierce wind that is blowing through Roussillon area?
Tramuntana
For which white variety is skin maceration common?
Muscat
What is the amount of % of the added neutral spirit for VDN? And what is the general volume in the must?
96% abv. Mostly 5-10% of total must volume
Which two styles of Banyuls are made in an anaerobic way and which two in oxidative way?
Anaerobic: Banyuls Rimage and Banyuls blanc
Oxidative: Banyuls GC and Banyuls Rancio
What are the ageing requirements for Maury Grenat, Tuilé/Blanc or Ambres, Hors d’Age, Rancio?
Grenat: min. 12 months
Blanc/Ambres: min. 12 months
Hors d’Age: min 5 years (oxidising environment)
Rancio: depending on tasting panel (goût de rancio)
What are the ageing requirements for Riversaltes ambrés, tuilés, rancio, grenat, hors d’Age
Grenat: 12m barrel, 3m bottle
Ambrés: 12m (oxidising environment)
Tuilés: 24m (oxidising environment)
Rancio: tasting panel
Hors d’Age: 5 years
What is the minimal RS for Pineau des Charentes
170 gr/l
Can there be made a red Floc de Gascogne?
No only white and rosé
What is the minimal amount of RS for Macvin?
153 gr/l
What is the the French meaning for musqué
Perfumed
Muscat-like
What is the amount of L must that can come from 100kg grapes for sherry wines?
72,5L
For which wine styles are the primera yema, seguneda yea and mosto prensa destined?
Primera yema: biological ageing
Segunda yema: oxidative ageing
Mosto prensa: distillation
To which % are biologically aged and oxidatively aged base wines fortified (sherry)
Biologically: 15,5%
Oxidatively: 17%
How much % wine is removed from the criadera every ‘rocios’?
Max. 25%
What are the 5 biggest markets for Sherry?
Spain
US
Netherlands
Germany
Rest of Europe
Which grape varieties are used for Marsala?
White: Grillo, Inzolia, Catarratto Bianco
Red: Pignatello, Calabrese, Nerello Mascalese, Nero d’Avola
What are the three quality standards for Marsala?
Golden
Ambra
Rubino
What is the usual alcohol content of Commandaria?
20%
What are the principal grape varieties of Madeira?
Sercial, Malvasia, Verdelho, Boal, Tinta Negra
What are the two most common training systems in Madeira?
Latada (pergola)
Espaldeira
Which grape variety is used for extra second and second madeira styles?
Sercial
What are the two ageing options for Madeira?
Estufagem and Canteiro
Which 5 style designations do you have for Madeira?
Colheita, Solera, Canteiro, Frasqueira, Rainwater
