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WINE FLASHCARDS (WWJ) > Fortified and Desert Wines > Flashcards

Fortified and Desert Wines Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the climate and weather characteristics of Jerez?

A

A hot mediterranean climate with high rainfall

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2
Q

What are the 3 main grapes in Sherry?

A

Pedro Ximenez, Muscat of Alexandria, and Palomino

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3
Q

What soil is present in Jerez and what are its characteristics?

A

Albariza - with high chalk content, that drains well, and has excellent water holding capacity

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4
Q

What is flor?

A

A film-forming yeast that grows on the surface of wine

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5
Q

Which town gives Sherry it name?

A

Jerez de la Frontera

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6
Q

As well as Jerez de la Frontera, name the 2 smaller seaside towns where Sherry can be produced.

A
  1. Sanlucar de Barrameda
  2. El Puerto de Santa Maria
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7
Q

What is the name of the prevailing cool humid westerly wind in Jerez?

A

Poniente

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8
Q

What is the name of the prevailing dry hot easterly wind in Jerez?

A

Levante

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9
Q

Why does the Levante wind pose an issue to vines?

A

It’s a hot wind, increasing temps, causing stress to the vines and damaging the grapes.

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10
Q

In order to maximize the amount of water retained by the Albariza soil, what do growers commonly do?

A

Rectangular puts are dug between rows of vines after harvest, to trap water and reduce run-off

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11
Q

What characteristics of the Palomino grape make it ideal for the production of Sherry?

A

Naturally low in acid and lacks obvious varietal aromatics

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12
Q

Why is PX suited to being sun-dried?

A

It has naturally thin skins

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13
Q

Name the region where PX is known for being successfully cultivated?

A

Montilla-Moriles

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14
Q

What is the ABV% of the spirit used to fortify wines for Sherry?

A

95%

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15
Q

What is the term for the period of time a new sherry wine spends before it goes into the solera?

A

The Sobretabla

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16
Q

Sherry wines fortified to 15-15.5% are destined for what kind of aging?

A

Biological Aging

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17
Q

Why is the period of the sobratabla particularly important for producers of Fino Sherries?

A

It gives the producer time to evaluate and ensure the flor is growing correctly.

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18
Q

Sherry destined for oxidative aging is fortified to what % ABV?

A

17%

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19
Q

Sherry’s famed system of maturation is known as what?

A

The solera System

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20
Q

What is a Butt?

A

An oak barrel

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21
Q

What size is a Sherry butt?

A

600 liters

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22
Q

What 3 things helped to maintain the correct maturation environment in the traditional bodegas?

A

1) Thick white-washed walls;
2) Windows facing towards the cooling poniente wind;
3) Earth floors kept damp

23
Q

Are Soleras used for biological or oxidative aging?

A

Used for both oxidative and biological aging

24
Q

Different levels in a Solera System are know as what?

A

Criaderas

25
Q

What is the difference between a Solera and a Solera System?

A

“Solera System” is made up of many layers of barrels called Criadera. The bottom Criadera is called the “Solera”

26
Q

For flor to thrive it needs precise levels of what 3 things?

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Temp
  3. Humidity
27
Q

How is an Amontillado Sherry aged?

A

Biologically under flor and then oxidatively

28
Q

What aromas are associated with Manzanilla Sherry?

A

Citrus, almonds, herbs and Bread

29
Q

‘Tangy’ and ‘Salty’ are terms used to describe which 2 styles of Sherry?

A

Fino and Manzanilla

30
Q

What style of rare Sherry has the aromas of an Amontillado with the body and richness of an Oloroso?

A

Palo Cortado

31
Q

Which two towns are involved in Port production?

A

Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia

32
Q

What is a quinta?

A

A winemaking estate in Portugal

33
Q

The Port vineyard area is divided into 3 sub-regions. Name them?

A
  1. Baixo Corgo
  2. Cima Corgo
  3. Douro Superior
34
Q

which of the 3 Port sub-regions is home to the greatest number of top Vineyards?

A

Cima Corgo

35
Q

Which of the 3 sub-regions produces the lightest wines?

A

Baixo Corgo (closest to the Atlantic)

36
Q

Which of the 3 sub-regions is sparsely planted but renowned for quality production?

A

Douro Superior

37
Q

What are Socalcos?

A

Narrow terraced vineyards, supported by stone walls

38
Q

What is the advantage of Patamares over a Socalcos terraced vineyard?

A

Patamares are wide enough to enable tractor access, thus mechanical harvesting is possible and therefore cheaper

39
Q

What are the 5 preferred grapes used in the production of Port?

A

Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca, Touriga Nacional, and Tinta Cao

40
Q

What was the traditional extraction method used in the production of Port?

A

Foot treading

41
Q

Most Ports are typically transported downstream where for maturation?

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

42
Q

What is the name of the spirit used to fortify the wine in the production of Port?

A

Aguardente

43
Q

Why is Port taken to Vila Nova de Gaia to mature?

A

It has a cooler coastal climate, better suited for slower port maturation

44
Q

What is the maximum permitted ABV % of the agardente in Port production?

A

77%

45
Q

Which Ports are usually labelled 10, 20, 30, or 40 years old?

A

Tawny Ports with indication of age

46
Q

When must a Port producer register their intention to release a Vintage Port?

A

In the 2nd year after the harvest

47
Q

When must a Port producer bottle their Vintage Port?

A

No later than the 3rd year after harvest

48
Q

What aging requirement is applied to Reserve Tawny Ports?

A

A minimum of 6 years in wood

49
Q

What levels of acidity would you usually associate with Fortified Muscats?

A

Low to medium

50
Q

Fortified Muscats are made in 2 main styles. What are they?

A

Youthful & unaged or fully developed after extended aging

51
Q

Give a notable example of a luscious sweet youthful unaged fortified Muscat?

A

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise

52
Q

Which region does Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise come from?

A

Rhone Valley

53
Q

Which region do you associate some of the most celebrated styles of luscious, fully-developed aged Fortified Muscats?

A

Rutherglen, Australia

WINE FLASHCARDS (WWJ) (9 decks)

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