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Dermatology > Formative week 1 > Flashcards

Formative week 1 Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

A 58 year old man presents in July with blisters on the dorsal aspect of his hands which have been appearing over the last few months, crust over and heal leaving scarring. He works as a joiner and is aware that his skin has also been more fragile than usual. You notice that he has a lot of hair growing on his cheeks. He is generally well and on no medication
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Porphyria Cutanea tardia

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2
Q

What are functions of the skin?

A 
Barrier function
Thermo regulation
Immune defence
Metabolism and detoxification
Communication
sensory
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3
Q

What layer is odland bodies associated with?

A

Granular layer

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4
Q

What layer is associated with corneocytes?

A

Keratin Layer

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5
Q

What layer is associated with highly metabolically active small cuboidal cells?

A

Basal layer

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6
Q

What layer is most associated with polyhedral cells with lots of desmosomes?

A

Prickle cell layer

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7
Q

Naisl are biochemically similar to hair. True or false

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Which nails grow fester- toe or finger

A

toe

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9
Q

Which of the following is a component of the strain of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) which causes severe skin infection such as necrotising fasciitis?

A

Panton Valentine Leukocidin

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10
Q

What virulence factors?- enables binding of the organism to host tissue

A

Adhesin

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11
Q

What virulence factors?-enables the organism to invade a host tissue

A

Invasin

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12
Q

What virulence factors?- enables the organism to avoid host defence mechanism

A

Impedin

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13
Q

What virulence factors?- causes damage to the host directly

A

Aggressin

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14
Q

What virulence factor? Induces damage to the host directly

A

Modulin

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15
Q

A 3 year old boy presents on a sunny day in June. His mother reports he keeps crying and rubs at his skin when playing outside and this has been going on for a few weeks. His skin is sometimes a bit red, but there is never a rash and his skin is clear on examination now. He is skin type 1 with a few freckles evident, generally well, on no medication and there is no family history of skin problems.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Erythropoietic protoporphyia

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16
Q

The developmental growth pattern of skin follows which of the following

A

Blaschko’s lines

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17
Q

Skin problems make up what percentage of all general practice consultations

A

15-23%

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18
Q

What is the mediator of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgE

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19
Q

What is the mediator of type 11 and 111 hypersensitivity reactions

A

IgM and IgG

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20
Q

What is the mediator of type 1V hypersensitivity reactions

A

Th1 cells

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21
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity

A

Type 1

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22
Q

Direct cell killing

A

Type 2

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23
Q

Immune complex mediated

A

Type 3

24
Q

Delayed type hypersensitivity

A

Type 4

25
Q

Anagen

A

Growing phase

26
Q

Catagen

A

Involuting phase

27
Q

Telogen

A

Resting phase

28
Q

Where are langerhans cells formed?

A

Bone marrow

29
Q

What is vitamin D metabolism carried out by

A

Keratinocytes

30
Q

Where is energy stored

A

Subcutaneous fat

31
Q

Where is collagen found and what does it provide?

A

Found in dermis and provides tensile strength

32
Q

Where do cells proliferate from

A

Basal layer

33
Q

What are sebaceous glands attached to

A

Hair follicles in the skin

34
Q

WHAT IS THE COMMONEST SWEAT GLAND ON THE FACE

A

Eccrine

35
Q

Which glands are involved in scent

A

Apocrine glands

36
Q

What is the function of lymphatics

A

Immune surveillance

37
Q

What is the function of meissner’s corpuscles

A

vibration sensation

38
Q

What is the function of eccrine glands

A

Moisten palms/soles for grip

39
Q

What is the function of pacinian corpuscles

A

Pressure sensation

40
Q

What is the function of apocrine glands

A

scent glands

41
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands

A

Maintain skin barrier

42
Q

Are topical steroids lipophilic or lipophobic

A

They are lipophilic

43
Q

Why is is important that topical steroids are lipophilic

A

This allows passive diffusion across the plasma membrane where they combine with cell receptors and bind to steroid responsive elements in the DNA

44
Q

What is absorption affected by

A

Skin thickness, skin state, occlusion, the vehicle used and drug concentration

45
Q

What enzyme is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria

A

PBG deaminase

46
Q

What enzyme is deficient in erythropoietic protoporphyria

A

Ferrochelatase (which leads to a build up of protoporphyrin IX)

47
Q

When does erythropoietic protoporphyria present and what does it present with

A

Presents in early childhood with discomfort, itch or tingling in sun exposed skin but often there are no clinical signs.

48
Q

Where are keratinocytes confined to?

A

Epidermis

49
Q

Where are heme-desmosomes found?

A

within the demo-epidemral junction

50
Q

Define prevalence

A

The proportion of a population affected by a disease at any given time

51
Q

How many days does it take for a cell to migrate from the basal layer to the keratin layer

A

28

52
Q

What is the function of the keratin layer

A

waterproof barrier

53
Q

WHat is the function of the sebaceous glands

A

skin lubricant

54
Q

What is the function of blood vessels

A

temperature regulation

55
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts

A

Collagen synthesis

56
Q

What is the function of melanocytes

A

DNA protection from UV radiation

57
Q

Which layer of the epidermis is the most metabolically active

A

Basal layer

Dermatology (4 decks)

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