FORMATIVE REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common viral causes of acute bronchitis?

A

rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B and parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

what are common bacterial causes of acute bronchitis?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis

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3
Q

whats the main cause of acute bronchitis?

A

viruses in 90% of cases but in 10% it can be caused by commensal bacteria

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4
Q

what are the most common causative organisms of bronchiectasis?

A

psuedomonas aurginosa and haemophilus influenzae

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5
Q

what are common causes of bronchiectasis?

A
CF
severe pneumonia
COPD
asthma
whooping cough
measles
TB
fungal infections
immunodeficiency disorder
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6
Q

whats the main cause of bronchiolitis?

A

respiratory syncytial virus

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7
Q

which bacterial causative organism is more likely to be associated with community acquired pneumonia ?

A

streptococcus pneumonia

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8
Q

what are some viral causative organisms of pneumonia?

A

influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2

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9
Q

what are some bacterial causes of pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

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10
Q

which pneumonia is most likely to be community acquired?

A

bronchopneumonia

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11
Q

which bacteria are more likely to cause hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A

MRSA, Escherichia coli, and other Enterobacteriaceae

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12
Q

which bacteria is most likely to be associated with cystic fibrosis?

A

staph aureus

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13
Q

what organism causes whooping cough?

A

bordatella pertussis

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14
Q

what is the moa of adenosine?

A

acts on receptors in the cardiac AV node, significantly slowing conduction time
it does this by causing K+ efflux and preventing Ca2+ influx

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15
Q

what are adenosines indications?

A

supraventricular tachycardias

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16
Q

what are class 1 antiarrythmics indications?

A

supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, symptomatic ventricular premature beats, and prevention of ventricular fibrillation.

17
Q

what are class 2s antiarrythmics indications?

A

supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease

18
Q

what 2 drug classes can be used to control rate of heart?

A

beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
(digoxin too in AF)

19
Q

what type of drug is amiodarone?

A

K+ channel blocker

20
Q

what type pf drug is atenolol?

A

beta blocer

21
Q

what type of drug is digoxin?

A

cardiac glycoside

22
Q

what type of drug is lidocaine?

A

1b Na+ channel blocker

23
Q

what type of drug is verapamil?

A

Ca2+ channel blocker

24
Q

what type of drug is captopril?

A

ACEi

25
Q

what type of drug is losartan?

A

ARB

26
Q

what type of drug is dobutamine?

A

beta 1 agonist

27
Q

what are the indications of dobutamine?

A

inotropic support as its a cardiac stimulant

28
Q

what causative microorganism is most likely assciated with IV drug use?

A

staphylococcus aureus

29
Q

what are the indications of digoxin?

A

AF
atrial flutter
heart failure

30
Q

what is first dose hypotension?

A

an observed reduction in blood pressure after the administration of the first dose

31
Q

what is the most pronounced toxic effect of ACEi?

A

first dose hypotension

32
Q

what are examples of thrombolytics?

A
streptokinase
alteplase
tenecteplase
reteplase
urokinase
33
Q

what type of drug is albutamol?

A

SABA

34
Q

what type of drug is ipatropium?

A

SAMA

35
Q

what type of drug is prednisone?

A

corticosteroid

36
Q

what type of drug is tiotropium?

A

LAMA