FORMATIVE REVIEW Flashcards
what are the common viral causes of acute bronchitis?
rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B and parainfluenza virus
what are common bacterial causes of acute bronchitis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis
whats the main cause of acute bronchitis?
viruses in 90% of cases but in 10% it can be caused by commensal bacteria
what are the most common causative organisms of bronchiectasis?
psuedomonas aurginosa and haemophilus influenzae
what are common causes of bronchiectasis?
CF severe pneumonia COPD asthma whooping cough measles TB fungal infections immunodeficiency disorder
whats the main cause of bronchiolitis?
respiratory syncytial virus
which bacterial causative organism is more likely to be associated with community acquired pneumonia ?
streptococcus pneumonia
what are some viral causative organisms of pneumonia?
influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2
what are some bacterial causes of pneumonia?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
which pneumonia is most likely to be community acquired?
bronchopneumonia
which bacteria are more likely to cause hospital-acquired pneumonia?
MRSA, Escherichia coli, and other Enterobacteriaceae
which bacteria is most likely to be associated with cystic fibrosis?
staph aureus
what organism causes whooping cough?
bordatella pertussis
what is the moa of adenosine?
acts on receptors in the cardiac AV node, significantly slowing conduction time
it does this by causing K+ efflux and preventing Ca2+ influx
what are adenosines indications?
supraventricular tachycardias
what are class 1 antiarrythmics indications?
supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, symptomatic ventricular premature beats, and prevention of ventricular fibrillation.
what are class 2s antiarrythmics indications?
supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease
what 2 drug classes can be used to control rate of heart?
beta blockers
calcium channel blockers
(digoxin too in AF)
what type of drug is amiodarone?
K+ channel blocker
what type pf drug is atenolol?
beta blocer
what type of drug is digoxin?
cardiac glycoside
what type of drug is lidocaine?
1b Na+ channel blocker
what type of drug is verapamil?
Ca2+ channel blocker
what type of drug is captopril?
ACEi
