Formative assessment 1 (inflammation, ischaemia, normal and abnormal development)

Question 1

What is the name of the main effector cell in acute inflammation?

Answer 1

Neutrophil polymorph

• Predominant type of inflammatory cell in acute inflammation.
• (cytoplasm contains leukocytes/enzymes that ingest bacteria)

Question 2

What is the name of the cells that produce collagen in fibrous scarring?

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of acute inflammation?

A. Glandular fever
B. Leprosy
C. Appendicitis
D. Tuberculosis

Answer 3

C. Appendicitis

Question 4

Which one of the following is a chronic inflammatory process from its start?

A. Appendicitis
B. Cholecystitis
C. Infectious mononucleosis
D. Lobar pneumonia

Answer 4

C. Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

Question 5

In which of the following does granulomatous inflammation occur?

A. Crohn’s disease
B. Acute appendicitis
C. Infectious mononucleosis
D. Lobar pneumonia

Answer 5

A. Crohn’s disease

Granulomatous inflammation is a collection of epithelioid macrophages.

Question 6

Which one of the following is an example of hyperplasia?

A. Bodybuilder’s biceps
B. Enlarged left ventricle
C. Benign prostrate enlargement
D. Wasting of quadriceps after immobilisation

Answer 6

C. Benign prostrate enlargement

Question 7

Which one of the following is not an example of apoptosis?

A. Loss of cells from tips of duodenal villi
B. Loss of cells during embryogenesis
C. Renal infarction
D. Graft versus host disease

Answer 7

C. Renal infarction

Question 8

Which one of the following is an example of atrophy?

A. Biceps of body builder
B. Uterus in pregnancy
C. Brain in dementia
D. Prostrate in older age

Answer 8

C. Brain in dementia

Question 9

What is the pattern of differentiation of metaplastic cells lining of the bronchi of cigarette smokers?

Answer 9

Ciliated pseudo stratified columnar (respiratory) epithelium to squamous epithelial cells (skin-like)

This is more resistant to smoke but doesn’t protect the airways.

Question 10

Which one of the following is an example of necrosis?

A. Loss of cells from duodenal tips

B. Loss of individual cells in graft versus host disease

C. Loss of individual cells during development

D. Renal infarction

Answer 10

D. Renal infarction

Question 11

What process is defined by the formation of a solid mass of blood constituents within an intact vascular system during life?

Answer 11

Thrombosis

Question 12

Name a drug that inhibits platelet aggregation?

Answer 12

Aspirin