formative 4- pharmacology Flashcards
A 69 year old man has been taking naproxen for back pain due to osteoarthritis for a number of weeks. He has no other past medical history and takes no other drugs. He is a smoker and drinks 14 units of alcohol a week. He has developed severe epigastric pain after eating on a number of occasions.
Which is the most likely cause of his symptoms?
A. Hypersensitivity to the drug
B. Increased gastric mucosal blood flow
C. Increased prostaglandin synthesis
D. Reduced gastric acid secretion
E. Reduction in mucus and bicarbonate secretion
E. Reduction in mucus and bicarbonate secretion
A 24 year old man has suffered from asthma since he was a young child. He takes a salbutamol inhaler as needed and a steroid inhaler as prophylaxis.
Which of these explains the improvement in symptoms he gets from his salbutamol inhaler?
A. Inactivation of K+ channels in smooth muscle cells
B. Increase in calcium entry into muscle cells
C. Increased mediators released from mast cells
D. Increased mediators released from mast cells
E. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells
E. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle cells
A 68 year old man with hesitancy and slow urinary flow is prescribed a selective alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist (tamsulosin). Since taking the drug he has noticed he feels dizzy and unwell when he gets out of bed in the morning.
Which is the most likely the cause of his symptoms?
A. Constriction of arteriolar resistance vessels
B. Dilatation of venous capacitance vessels
C. Inhibition of noradrenaline release
D. Reflex bradycardia due to parasympathetic activation
E. Reflex tachycardia due to sympathetic activation
B. Dilatation of venous capacitance vessels
A 69 year old woman is taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. She is otherwise fit and well. She attends the Emergency Department with a severe epistaxis and her INR is found to be 6.5 (target value 2.5).
Which medication will help to stop this patient’s epistaxis?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
E. Vitamin K
E. Vitamin K
A patient is started on a commonly used medication. Unfortunately, they develop an adverse drug reaction you have not seen before. The patient is hospitalised due to the adverse drug reaction (ADR).
Which is the correct course of action once the drug has been stopped and the patient informed?
A. Contact the local pharmacist to inform them of the ADR
B. Contact the local pharmacist to inform them of the ADR
C. Report the ADR via the yellow card system
D. Send out a bulletin to all local GP’s to inform them of the ADR
E. Stop prescribing the drug for all patients
C. Report the ADR via the yellow card system
A 23 year old woman receives flucloxacillin for a superficial skin infection. A few hours after the first dose she develops a rash, flushing, wheezing and then collapses.
Which should be administered to this patient first?
A. Adrenaline
B. Chlorpheniramine
C. Hydrocortisone
D. Intravenous fluids
E. Salbutamol
A. Adrenaline
An elderly patient was admitted with breathlessness and palpitations. An ECG showed fast atrial fibrillation. She was prescribed IV digoxin 1 mg given over two hours as she was nauseated but her cannula has stopped working before it could be given. She has refused another cannula. The nurse has asked you to prescribe an oral dose regime for the next 24 hours. Digoxin 0.25 mg tablets are available.
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to control fast atrial fibrillation when given in the range 0.75-1.25 mg in 24 hours in divided doses. It has a bioavailabilty of 75% orally.
Which is the correct oral dose regime of the drug?
A. 0.5 mg in the morning & 0.25 mg in the evening
B. 0.75 mg in the morning & 0.5 mg in the evening
C. 0.75 mg once daily
D. 1 mg in the morning & 1 mg in the evening
E. 1.25 mg once daily
A. 0.5 mg in the morning & 0.25 mg in the evening
