Formation of tissue fluid from plasma

Question 1

What are the 3 fluid types?

Answer 1

blood, lymph, tissue fluid

Question 2

What is the difference between blood, tissue fluid, and lymph?

Answer 2

blood forms tissue fluid, tissue fluid forms lymph

Question 3

What makes up blood? with percentages

Answer 3

plasma (55%), blood cells (45%)

Question 4

What types of blood cells are in blood?

Answer 4

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 5

What is the function and composition of plasma?

Answer 5

-main component of blood
-90% water, 10% ions, proteins, nutrients, wastes, dissolved gases

Question 6

What is the function and composition of RBCs?

Answer 6

-carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
-take up O2 in lungs and circulate body, releasing oxygen and removing CO2

Question 7

What is the function and composition of platelets?

Answer 7

-responsible for blood clotting
-cell fragments formed when large cells break into pieces, form a sticky plug

Question 8

What is the function and composition of WBCs?

Answer 8

-part of immune system and function in immune response
-2 groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes, all have specific roles

Question 9

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 9

the liquid that surrounds cells in tissues, allowing for transport between the blood and cells

Question 10

Where does this fluid come from?

Answer 10

fluid moving out of the capillaries forms tissue fluid

Question 11

What are some of the substances that make up tissue fluid?

Answer 11

-substances that leave blood plasma
-eg. oxygen, water, nutrients

Question 12

What is the interaction between tissue fluid and cells?

Answer 12

-transport occurs via diffusion via capillary walls
-cells take in oxygen and nutrients from tissue fluid and release metabolic waste into it

Question 13

What is the ‘capillary bed’?

Answer 13

network of capillaries in an area of tissue, substances move out of it and into tissue fluid

Question 14

Name of process by which substances move out of capillaries and into tissue fluid

Answer 14

pressure filtration

Question 15

What unit is pressure measured in?

Answer 15

kPa

Question 16

Definition of hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

fluid pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel

Question 17

What is the main source of hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 17

-heart contractions
-pressure exerted by blood as it moves through blood vessels

Question 18

What does hydrostatic pressure do?

Answer 18

forces fluid out of the capillaries, through pores in their walls as there is greater pressure inside the capillaries than in the tissue fluid

Question 19

What are some things that move outward with the fluid?

Answer 19

oxygen, water, nutrients

Question 20

What are some things that don’t move outward with the fluid?

Answer 20

red blood cells, big proteins

Question 21

Definition of oncotic pressure

Answer 21

pressure generated by plasma proteins in capillaries, which lowers water potential

Question 22

Why is the blood within the capillaries of a more negative water potential than the fluid outside?

Answer 22

-fluid loss from capillaries
-oncotic pressure lowers water potential

Question 23

What is the result of oncotic pressure?

Answer 23

water moves down the water potental and back into the capillary

Question 24

How do you calculate the net figure?

Answer 24

subtract oncotic pressure from hydrostatic

Question 25

Where is hydrostatic pressure and net movement outwards greatest?

Answer 25

at the start/arterial end

Question 26

Where is oncotic pressure and net movement inwards greatest?

Answer 26

at venous end

Question 27

What is the overall net movement?

Answer 27

outward

Question 28

Is all of the fluid reabsorbed into the capillary? Explain

Answer 28

no, excess drains into lymph vessels to be passed through lymphatic system and then back into circulatory system

Question 29

What is the fluid now known as?

Answer 29

lymph

Question 30

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 30

drainage system that is made up of lymph vessels

Question 31

How does the lymph get returned to the heart?

Answer 31

-moves to main lymph vessels in thorax and then is returned to blood near heart

Question 32

What does the lymph contain and where are these made?

Answer 32

-lymphocytes (WBCs) -made in lymph nodes

Question 33

What is the role of lymphocytes?

Answer 33

-part of immune system -help filter out foreign material from the lymph

Question 34

What would the effect of having high blood pressure be on tissue fluid?

Answer 34

-high hydrostatic pressure -more tissue fluid forced out -oncotic pressure is lower -less tissue fluid returned