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BIOLOGY 3.1.2 > Cardiac cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main stages of the cardiac cycle?

A

-atrial systole
-ventricular systole
-diastole

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2
Q

What does systole mean?

A

contraction

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3
Q

What does diastole mean?

A

relaxation

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4
Q

What makes valves open/close?

A

pressure change

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5
Q

purpose of passive filling

A

to allow blood to flow from veins to atria to ventricle

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6
Q

purpose of atrial systole

A

to squeeze remaining blood into ventricle

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7
Q

purpose of ventricular systole

A

force blood out of ventricle and into aorta/pulmonary vein

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8
Q

purpose of diastole

A
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9
Q

1) What happens in passive filling?

A

-blood flows passively into the atria from the veins
-70% of blood also flows down into the ventricles due to gravity as the AV valves are open

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10
Q

2) How is the other 30% of blood pushed into the ventricles?

A

*through atrial systole
-atria muscles contract and atrial pressure increases over ventricular pressure
-blood is pushed into ventricles through AV valves
-volume of atria decreases

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11
Q

3) What makes the AV valves snap shut?

A

*ventricular systole
-atria muscles relax
-ventricle muscle contracts, starting from apex so the pressure in ventricles is now higher than in the atria
-AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood

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12
Q

3)How does blood leave the heart?

A

*ventricular systole
-pressure in ventricles is now higher than in arteries
-SL valves forced open
-blood forced into the pulmonary vein/aorta, so volume in ventricle decreases

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13
Q

4) What makes the SL valves shut again?

A

*diastole
-pressure in arteries increases and is now higher than pressure in ventricles
-this forces SL valves to close

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14
Q

4) What makes the AV valves open for atrial systole to occur again?

A

*diastole
-atrial and ventricle muscles are relaxed
-blood from vena cava/pulmonary vein enters atria (passive filling begins)
-pressure in atria is higher than ventricles so AV valves open

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15
Q

Describe the timings that the atria spends in systole/diastole

A

systole: 0.1 secs
diastole: 0.7 secs

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16
Q

Describe the timings that the ventricle spends in systole/diastole

A

diastole: 0.1 sec
systole:0.3 secs
diastole: 0.4 secs

17
Q

When do the AV valves open?

A

-when the pressure in the atria is high
-in late diastole (passive filling) and during atrial systole

18
Q

When do the AV valves close?

A

-when the pressure in the ventricles is high
-during ventricular systole and early diastole

19
Q

When do SL valves open?

A

-when pressure in ventricles is high
-during late ventricular systole

20
Q

When do SL valves close?

A

-when pressure in arteries is high
-during diastole, atrial systole and early ventricular systole

21
Q

What levels are the pressures in the different areas, during atrial systole?

A

atria: high
ventricle: low
vein: high

22
Q

What levels are the pressures in the different areas, during ventricular systole?

A

atria: low
ventricle: high
vein: high

23
Q

What levels are the pressures in the different areas during diastole?

A

atria: low
ventricle: low
vein: high

24
Q

Why is there always a high pressure in the vein?

A

high pressure maintained to pump blood constantly

25
Q

What does a blood pressure graph show?

A

graph of a heartbeat in terms of blood pressure in the 3 different regions

26
Q

Define heart rate

A

number of heart beats per minute

27
Q

How do you calculate heart rate

A

60/ time between 2 beats

28
Q

Define stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle in one contraction

29
Q

Define cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

30
Q

equation for cardio output, stroke volume and heart rate

A

cardiac output= stroke volume x heart rate

BIOLOGY 3.1.2 (10 decks)

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