Formation of new species Flashcards
Define Species
group of closely related organisms that are capable of interbreeding in order to produce fertile offspring
what are the causes of variation
Sexual Reproduction ( Meiosis), crossing over and random arrangement - Gametic Mutation, germ line mutation leads to beneficial traits
what is the founder effect
refers to the loss of genetic variation when a small population establish a new colony
what is convergent evolution
Process in which species which are not related evolve similar kinds of traits to adapt to similar environment
what is divergent evolution
Process in which a trait held by common ancestor evolves into different variations over time
Define Speciation
Evolutionary formation of new species that are genetically distant from parental species (cladogenesis)
Define Extinction
permanent loss of all members of a species
what causes speciation
Population contains genotypic variation which results in an increase of the chances of survival and adaptation
what is Allopatric speciation
Speciation that results from population becoming isolated
what is sympatric speciation
occurs in a population that occupy same geographic area
Expand on allopatric speciation
it occurs when new species is formed as a result of the whole/part of the population becoming geographically isolated from ancestral species
causes of allopatric speciation
- erosions and earthquakes
- lake dries
- sea currents
what does allopatric speciation do to population of a single species
theres no gene flow
each population is exposed to different environmental conditions which result in natural selection
Can allopatric species reproduce
no
what is sympatric speciation
when new species arise in same environment as ancestral species
