Formal Charge, Dipoles, Boiling Points

Question 1

How To Calculate Formal Charge Of An Atom

Answer 1

1. Start with the number of valence electrons, “V
2. Count the number of non-bonded electrons, “N”
3. Count the number of bonding electrons, BE (2 electrons per bond)

Formal charge = V– [ N + 1/2 BE ]

Question 2

what is a dipole

Answer 2

The more electronegative atom will have a greater “share” of the bonding electrons, giving it a partial negative charge, and the less electronegative atom will have a lesser “share” of the bonding electrons, giving it a partial positive charge.

Question 3

Dipole Moments

Answer 3

The dipoles of bonds in a molecule add up (as vectors) to give an overall dipole moment.