Form: Morphology and Syntax

Question 1

what is syntax?

Answer 1

the rules of combing words into phrases and sentences

Question 2

What are the rules?

Answer 2

Prescriptive

Descriptive

Question 3

What are prescriptive rules?

Answer 3

rules that define how language should be used –grammar class

Question 4

what are descriptive rules?

Answer 4

rules that describe speaker’s linguistic knowledge – linguistics class

Question 5

what is a morpheme?

Answer 5

smallest unit of meaning in the language

/s/

Question 6

what are bound morphemes?

Answer 6

attached to the work - have to be attached to have meaning

Question 7

what are free mrophemes

Answer 7

content words - individual words that cannot be divided - book

Question 8

what are the different linguist categories?

Answer 8

> open class/content words (nouns, verbs, adj)

> closed class/function words (prepositions (in, on) determiners (the,a))

Question 9

what is sentence structure?

Answer 9

sentences are not merely linear arrangements of content and function words; have hierarchial structure

Question 10

what is the hierarchial structure to sentences?

Answer 10

• words are combined to form phrases
• phrases are combined to form simple sentences
• sentences can be endlessly conjoined and small sentences can be embedded in large sentences

Question 11

How does one id a morpheme?

Answer 11

• dictionary
• 2 quick tests:
  > can the linguistic unit be defined or paraphrased
  > can another word be id in which the morpheme is used

no definable part in “subtle” but “sub” in submarine does work as a meaningful part meaning under

Question 12

what is an inflectional suffix?

Answer 12

meaning changes
english has 8
2 nouns (plural, possessive)
4 verbs (3rd person, past tense, past participle, present)
2 adj (comparative, superlative)

Question 13

what is a derivational suffix?

Answer 13

may change word class category and meaning
sell (verb) --> seller (noun)

Question 14

what is an inflectional morpheme:

Answer 14

this morpheme can only be a suffix (added to an end of the word)
- they create change in function of word
8 in english
noun -s plural and possessive
verb -s -ed -en -ing
adj/adv -er -est

Question 15

what is derivational morphemes?

Answer 15

this type of morpheme changes meaning of word and the part of speech or both
can be prefixes or suffixes
un- added to invited changes meaning
-ly added to slow changes word class

Question 16

what is Mean Length of Utterance?

Answer 16

• measure of linguistic productivity in children
• collected by counting utterances and dividing morphemes by utterances
• predictor of complexity of childs language

Question 17

what contributes to a childs reading success?

Answer 17

phonological awareness
morpheme awareness
vocabulary

Question 18

what are the litteracy skills that morphological awareness supports?

Answer 18

• word id,
  comprehension
  spelling

Question 19

what is the repertoir theory?

Answer 19

reading and spelling development explained by the number and actual use of children’s linguistic resources (PA, MA, orthographic knowledge, semantic knowledge)

Question 20

why are discrete skill instruction not recommended?

Answer 20

• difficult task
• didn’t result in improving functional use of grammar in context or improve writing
  (not in context, don’t know why they’re doing it)

Question 21

what should instruction of grammatical targets be included in?

Answer 21

• Direct teaching and opportunities to engage in Meaningful activities for oral and written language

Question 22

what is sentence expanding?

Answer 22

start with a single sentence and expand in length and complexity to the kernal senteince.

Question 23

what is sentence combinging

Answer 23

present two or more simpler sentence ans task students to combine into one longer sentence