form and movement Flashcards
what is the axial skeleton
skull, ribcage, vertebral column
what is the appendicular skeleton
scapula, clavicle, pelvis
functions of the skeleton
1.protection
2.shape
3.support
4.movement
features of long bone
1.middle of the bone is composed of spongy bone, as there is less calcium
2.the outside of the bone is composed of compact bone, harder
3.cartilage at the end of bone, acts as shock absorber
4.the epiphyses at the end of the bone, which contributes in formation of joint
features of synovial joint
1.smooth articular cartilage at the end of the bone to reduce friction and act as shock absorber
2.contains synovial fluid secreted by synovial membrane, which lubricates the end of the bone
3.surrounded by tough fibrous capsule and contains ligaments, which are fibrous, and have great tensile strength. ligaments allow movement of joint and prevent dislocation of bone
types of joints in the body
1.hinge joints
2.ball and socket joints
what is the hinge joint
1.allows movement in one plane
2.ex. up and down movement of elbow joint
what is ball and socket joint
1.allows for movement in three planes
2.ex. shoulder and hip joints
what are muscles
tissues that are attached to bones by tendons and move them by contracting, pulling on the bone
how do muscles work
1.when a muscle contracts it shortens and the tendons pull a bone making it move
2.muscles work in antagonistic pairs
what is osteoporosis
when the bones looses calcium and becomes more porous and less dense, so breaks more easily
causes of osteoporosis
1.aging
2.after menopause in females, due to change in hormonal levels
3.deficiency of calcium and vitamin D
symptoms of osteoporosis
1.bone fracture
2.loss of height over time
3.back pain
