forgetting- retrieval failure

Question 1

retrieval failure theory

Answer 1

suggests info is in LTM but forgetting happens due to absence of appropriate cues encoded at the time

Question 2

context dependent cues

Answer 2

external cues that are present at the time of encoding. if you learn info in 1 setting, you will recall it better in the same setting

Question 3

context dependent- study

Answer 3

godden and baddely- divers learnt word lists on land or underwater, then recalled them in the same or diff environment. results showed better recall when learning was in same environment= evidence

Question 4

state dependent cues

Answer 4

internal cues that are present at the time of encoding. if you learn info in 1 mood, you will recall it better in the same mood

Question 5

state dependent- study

Answer 5

overtan- ppts who learnt material drunk/ sober recalled it better when they were in the same state= state dep cues aid memory

Question 6

strength- practical application

Answer 6

students can develop effective revision strategies and theories like context cues- improves recall. also used for cognitive interviews

Question 7

weakness- lacks ecological validity

Answer 7

baddely- hard to find conditions in real life that are as polar as water and land, questioning existence of context effects. suggests it may only apply in distinct situations= not accurate

Question 8

strength- strong evidence

Answer 8

best explanation- most forgetting is seen to happen due to retrieval failure= all memory is in LTM but we just need the right cue for access

Question 9

weakness- cyclical reasoning

Answer 9

encoding specificity principle suffers from cyclical reasoning due to over reliance on assumptions- may not always be the case that diff between cues at encoding causes retrieval failure; nature of ESP says so