forgetting Flashcards
the 2 explanations for forgetting are
interference theory
retrieval failure theory
interference occurs when
2 pieces of information conflict with each other
when is interference more likely to happen
when info is similar
interference Is an issue of
access
the memories that intefere with each other were
stored at different times
2 types of interference
proactive
retroactive
proactive is when
older interferes with new
retroactive is when
new interferes with old
way of remembering 2 types of inteference
PoRn
McGeough and McDonald (interference)
learn list of adjectives 10 min rest learn list B then recall listA words got most mixed up with syllables as theyre the most similar
Baddeley and hitch (interference)
rugby players recall names of people they have played against
those who play more games should forget more
ecological validity
low level of control
+ve of interference
evidence from lab studies
-ve of interference
doesn’t occur that often as the memories have to be quite similar
retrieval failure theory is
insufficient cues
associated cues are stored at same time as memory
if cues aren’t there it may seem like forgetting at time of recall
actually just cant access
encoding specifity principle means
if a cue is to help recall then it needs to be present at both encoding and retrieval
ESP stands for
encoding specifity principle
Godden and Baddeley (RFT)
recall on land vs underwater
better recall at same place
Goodwin et al (RFT)
drunk vs sober list to learn list of words
those who learnt and recalled in the same state did better
means cues could be state dependant or context dependant
retrieval failure theory AO3
real life app - think about the room you revised in (mental reinstatement)
cognitive interview recognises the importance of cues
question context effects - has to be an extreme environment
inteference theory 2x studies
baddeley and hitch
mcgeough and mcdonald
retrieval failure theory 2x study
godden and baddeley
goodwin
