factors affecting eye witness testimony Flashcards
misleading information covers
leading questions
post event discussion
2 parts of this topic
misleading information
anxiety
leading questions could make a testimony…
manipulated
loftus and palmer (leading questions)
showed films of a traffic accident asked questions about it word hit = critical question fastest av speed with word smashed slowest av speed with word contacted
loftus and palmer number 2 (leading questions)
smashed hit control groups come back a week later critical question - did you see any broken glass highest yes with word smashed
after an incident memories may become
contaminated
conformity effect is when
witnesses go along with each other and reach a consensus view
wright et al (PED)
woman alone vs woman with an accomplice
asked if there was an accomplice
79% said yes even though only half saw one
anxiety creates
physiological arousal
Johnson and scott (anxiety)
greasy pen
high anxiety and low anxiety
49% identified bloody knife
33% identified greasy pen
tunnel theory of memory is
attention narrows to the weapon
Yuille and cutshall (anxiety)
real life shooting
rate how stressed they were at the time
when more stressed recall was better
88% more accurate when more stressed
4 parts to the cognitive interview
report everything
context reinstatement
reverse the order
change perspective
context reinstatement is
imagining being back at the crime scene
reverse the order is
recall in different chronological order
report everything is
just tell me everything
change perspective is
should recall from other peoples perspective
explaining the contradictory research for anxiety
inverted U
low levels = low levels of recall
high levels = high levels of recall
optimum point of anxiety is Max level of accuracy
cognitive interview research
gieselman
violent crime film
CI vs H vs SI
CI had highest rates of accurate recall
enhanced cognitive interview
developed additional elements
more about persons experience (relaxed etc)
more ethical
