Forest & Trees

Question 1

simple

Answer 1

one leaf on the petiole

Question 2

compound

Answer 2

more than one blade on petiole

Question 3

double compound

Answer 3

there is a main petiole with several other petioles with multiple leaves on the secondary petioles

Question 4

needle

Answer 4

look like needles - usually on coniferous

Question 5

what are the four types of leaves

Answer 5

simple, compound, double compound, needle

Question 6

how many different shapes of leaves

Answer 6

ten: linear, oblong, oval, ovate, cordate, lobed, deltoid, orbicular, 4 sided needle, flattened needle

Question 7

leaf margin

Answer 7

outside of the leaf: smooth, fine-toothed, coarse toothed or serrated, scalloped or wavy

Question 8

leaf arrangements

Answer 8

how they are arranged on the petiole

Question 9

What are the 4 types of leaf arrangements?

Answer 9

opposite, alternate, whorl, basal

Question 10

What are the 5 types of needle arrangements?

Answer 10

bundles of 2, bundles of 5, singly on a twig, scale like, clusters of more than 5

Question 11

what traits are coniferous

Answer 11

leaves fall continuously, can withstand temperature extremes, waxy coating to prevent water loss, needle leaves, cones

Question 12

what traits are deciduous

Answer 12

shed leaves in fall, cannot withstand temp. extremes, leave are waxy on top, large surface area underneath, causes water loss, needles or broadleaf, flowers

Question 13

what traits are both coniferous and deciduous

Answer 13

leaves, nutrient cycle, oxygen cycle, need water

Question 14

what are ideal conditions for trees to grow and forests to thrive

Answer 14

plenty of water, appropriate amount of sun, lots of decomposers, nutrient rich soil, CO2, lots of space, not a large threat of natural disaster, no harsh winds

Question 15

Which forest uses are harmful?

Answer 15

human: over harvesting, clear cutting, slash and burn,

Question 16

Which forest uses are helpful?

Answer 16

animal habitats, research, learning centres

Question 17

How can you tell how old a tree is?

Answer 17

counting its rings

Question 18

How can you tell from a tree cookie if the tree grew on a slope?

Answer 18

the rings will be closer together on one side of the cookie that was slanted upwards

Question 19

How can you tell from a tree cookie if the tree survived natural disasters?

Answer 19

there will be scars in the rings from infestation, dead branches, fires

Question 20

How can you tell from a tree cookie if the tree had obstacles such as high wind, objects obstructing its growth?

Answer 20

rings will be wider on one side or the other

Question 21

How can you tell from a tree cookie if the tree grew in ideal conditions?

Answer 21

thick rings, equal on all sides

Question 22

What is a producer and its role in the nutrient cycle?

Answer 22

producers are able to produce their own food i.e. plants
nutrients travel up the trunk to leave - leaves use nutrients for photosynthesis to provide energy and food for the tree - leaves fall to the ground

Question 23

What is a consumer and its role in the nutrient cycle?

Answer 23

consumers are not able to produce their own food, rely on producers or other sources for food i.e. deer, fox
leaves fall to ground, herbivore/omnivore will eat leaves and fruit from both the tree and/or ground
usually eaten by another consumer, or die and decompose
feces from a consumer can provide nutrients for soil as they decompose

Question 24

What is a decomposer and its role in the nutrient cycle?

Answer 24

decomposers are small creatures that are neither consumer or producer and rely on the consumer or producer for their food
they break down dead plants and animals and return the nutrients to the soil for the cycle to begin again

Question 25

What is the impact of development on a forests health?

Answer 25

pollution from factories, vehicles is harmful to the health of the forest, building reduces the amount of space for forests, more logging for goods, spread of insects and disease

Question 26

What is the impact of economic factors on a forests health?

Answer 26

the better the economy - more building, more logging

Question 27

Why are trees and forests important?

Answer 27

clean the ecosystem, provide important resources, historic landmarks, provide fertilizer and nutrients for soil, wood and /or raw materials, turn CO2 into O2, filter pollutants, habitat for living things, provide food i.e. fruit, veggies, nuts, syrup, seeds, absorb water to prevent erosion

Question 28

Parts of a tree

Answer 28

outer: crown, trunk, roots, outer bark
bark: outer - suit of armour, inner bark phloem - food suply line, cambium - growing tissue, sapwood/xylum - water and nutrient line, heartwood - supports the tree

Question 29

What is the provincial tree of Alberta?

Answer 29

Lodgepole pine

Question 30

What is abiotic?

Answer 30

nonliving components of the environment i.e rock

fire, flood

Question 31

What is biotic?

Answer 31

living components i.e. insects, squirrels

Question 32

The oxygen cycle

Answer 32

photosynthesis - light putting together
produce their own food
CO2 from air, water/minerals from ground
energy from the sun is trapped by the chlorophyll
used to combine CO2, water to from sugar
sugar converted to starches
process provides food for plants, return O2 to atmosphere

Question 33

What are the levels of the forest?

Answer 33

canopy - tree tops/birds
understory - tall bushes, small trees, squirrels
shrubbery - shrubs, deer
forest floor - saplings, insects