Forest transitions

Question 1

define forest transition

Answer 1

switch from deforestation to reforestation

Question 2

more economically developed =

Kuznets curve

Answer 2

change in agriculture production, rearrangement to more productive areas, natural regeneration in areas no longer used

Question 3

lost/gain forests 1990- 2015

World bank

Answer 3

brazil, Indonesia lost
us, china gain
patterns not homogenous, displacement elsewhere

Question 4

Rudel (2012) factors driving transition

Answer 4

1) forest scarcity = reduction leads to reforestation
2) national economic development = rural - urban migration, land abandonment
3) globalisation = market forces, agricultural decline accelerates depopulation in least suitable areas
4) forest national policy = national parks, decentralisation
5) smallholder intensification = certification schemes, efficient, sustainable

Question 5

FSC forest stewardship council

Answer 5

created after Rio 1992
international NGO
promote sustainable management