Direct + indirect causes (Geist & Lambin 2002)

Question 1

define deforestation

Answer 1

change from forested state to unforested state

- abrupt, concentrated

Question 2

how much forest loss 2000-2012

Answer 2

2.3 million km2

combined size of Ecuador, Columbia, Venezuela

Question 3

direct causes

Answer 3

• agriculture expansion = 96% total direct causes
• infrastructure
• wood extraction
• social trigger events, biophysical

Question 4

indirect causes

Answer 4

• demographics = fertility, mortality, migration, density
• economic = 81%, market growth failures
• technological = agri production
• policy = property rights, corruption, management
• cultural = public attitudes, household behaviour