Brazil

Question 1

arc of deforesation

Answer 1

deforestation frontier

south east direction

Question 2

operation amazonia

Answer 2

30,000 families settled since 1970s

• state sponsored migration
• colonisation + agriculture

Question 3

transamazonian highway

Answer 3

(1972), encouragement of small scale farming through settlement

Question 4

when was military rule

Answer 4

1964-1985

Question 5

deforestation pattern

Answer 5

peaks late 20th c, falls 2004 after new president

- by 1995, 70% experienced deforestation - 90% areas cattle ranches

Question 6

Manaus

Answer 6

2 million pop, most populous region of Amazonas state

- territorial division, state planned deforestation

Question 7

1976 ad

Answer 7

‘which international bank best understands agriculture in Brazil’
- creation of infrastructure, markets to colonise/develop

Question 8

deforestation state (world resources institute)

Answer 8

1988-2004 = recession and recovery
2005-2014 = slow down then increase

Question 9

Tyukavina (2017)

Answer 9

fires 9% of 2000-2013 forest clearance

- peaks correspond to 2005/07/10 droughts

Question 10

Rudel (2000)

Answer 10

state to enterprise
1970s = roads, colonisation, settlement
- colonists, ranchers destroyed forest with state assistance (houses, subsidies)
- end cattle ranch subsidies 1980s - logged then pasture
- large scale agri-producers integrated in 1990s
- rapid urban growth expanded market
- market forces important role