Forensics Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the goal of ? CSI

A

To recognise, document, and collect evidence at a crime scene as well as piece together evidence to form a picture of what happened at a crime scene

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2
Q

Direct Evidence

A

Statement made under oath/testimonial evidence

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3
Q

Individual Evidence

A

Narrows an identity to a single person or thing. This is found by either a unique combination of characteristics that could only belong to a person or thing
Always involves a comparison

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4
Q

Circumstantial Evidence

A

Any object or material relevant to a crime
1. physical evidence,
2. Locard’s exchange principle
3. class vs individual evidence

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5
Q

Class evidence

A

Narrows an identity to a group of persons or things

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6
Q

Trace Evidence

A

SMall but measurable amounts of physical or biological material found at a crime scene

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7
Q

Example of Trace Evidence

A

blood, prints, fibers, hair, body fluids

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8
Q

Who is at a crime scene

A

Police/district attorney
CSI
Medical examiners
detectives
specialists

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9
Q

Seven S’s of crime scenes

A
  1. Secure the scene
  2. Separate the witnesses
  3. Scan the Scene
  4. See to it that crime scene examiners receive overall and close up photos with an without measuring rulers
  5. Sketch the scene
  6. Search for evidence
  7. Secure the collected evidence
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10
Q

Secure the scene

A

Responsibility: First responder
1st priority: Safety of individuals
2nd priority: Preserving evidence
they establish a perimeter and keep track of people at the scene

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11
Q

Separating the Witnesses

A

Investigators compared witness notes

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12
Q

What is each witness asked

A

When did the crime occur
Who called in the scene
Who was the victim
Can the perpetrador be identified
What did you see happen
Where were you when you observed the crime scene

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13
Q

Scan the Scene

A

Done by forensic examiners
Determines where photos should be taken

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14
Q

Seeing the Scene

A

Crime scene examiners need to see the scene
they take tons of photos from wide to tight

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15
Q

Sketch the Scene

A

Accurate rough sketch
Note positions of body/evidence
Objects should be measured from two immovable points
North is labeled
A more accurate sketch is made for court

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16
Q

Searching for Evidence

A

A spiral, grid, linear, pattern should be walked and location of evidence marked, photographed and sketched
Also oblique lighting needed

17
Q

Securing and Collecting Evidence

A

All evidence needs to be properly packaged, sealed, and labeled

18
Q

How should evidence be stored

A

Liquids and arson remains in an airtight container
Biological evidence in a breathable contrainters to dry out
Other evidence should be put in a paper bindle then in a bag/container
It needs to be taped shut and signed by collector

19
Q

Chain of custody

A

Used to present credible evidence in court
1. a person bags evidence, marks it for identification, seals it and signed it across the sealed edge
2. Signed over to a technician in a lab for analysis who opens it but not on the sealed edge
3. After analysis the technician puts it back in the evidence bag, seals it in another bad and signs evidence log

20
Q

Primary Crime scene vs Secondary Crime scene

A

Primary scene is where the crime is committed
A second scene would be the home of the suspect

21
Q

What does crime scene reconstruction involve?

A

You need to form a hypothesis on the sequence of events from before the crime was committed through its commision

22
Q

What is a bindle and what is it used for?

A

A bindle is a paper bag used for transporting and holding evidence

23
Q

Why is oblique lighting important?

A

This makes it so that evidence is easier to see from the naked eye

24
Q

What guidelines must a judge follow to determine the admissibility of evidence.

A

Falsifiability- refers to testing new theories and methods (repeatable results are valid)
Known error rates
Peer review
General Acceptance

25
Q

What does the medical examiner do? What’s another term for a medical examiner?

A

Forensic pathologists, who have specialized training in death investigation

26
Q

Who makes up the crime scene investigation team?

A

crime scene photographers and evidence collection personnel specializing in gathering specific evidence such as latent print

27
Q

What is an exemplar?

A

legally admissible authentic samples of handwriting used for comparison with questioned writing

28
Q

What is the significance of the Frye Standard and the Daubert Ruling?

A

Frye Standard: Used to determine the admissibility of an experts scientific testimony
Daubert Ruling: Judge determines whether an expert witnesses scientific testimony is based on scientifically valid reasoning that which can properly be applied to facts at issue

29
Q

How can you tell if a crime scene is staged

A

Initially all death crimes are treated as homicide
See if wounds could be easily self inflicted
Establishes a victim profile
Behavior before event
Reconstruct the event